Question 1

Which of the following is(are)part of the fast-descending neuronal system for pain inhibition?

Accepted Answer

A) Rostral ventromedial medulla 
B) Periaqueductal gray 
C) Locus coeruleus 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above 
A) Rostral ventromedial medulla 
B) Periaqueductal gray 
C) Locus coeruleus 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above D

Question 2

Sensory extinction is the:

Accepted Answer

A) Inability to recognize any sensations consciously. 
B) Loss of conscious proprioception. 
C) Same as astereognosis. 
D) Awareness of stimuli on only one side of the body when both sides of the body are simultaneously stimulated. 
E) Inability to localize a pinprick on one side of the body. 
A) Inability to recognize any sensations consciously. 
B) Loss of conscious proprioception. 
C) Same as astereognosis. 
D) Awareness of stimuli on only one side of the body when both sides of the body are simultaneously stimulated. 
E) Inability to localize a pinprick on one side of the body. D

Question 3

If sitting with the legs crossed,sensory loss will eventually occur.(Part of the limb will "fall asleep.")In what order will this loss occur? (Hint: compression of a nerve affects function in order according to axon diameter and myelination;largest diameter myelinated axons are affected first)

Accepted Answer

A) 1.Slow pain;2.heat;3.fast pain;4.cold;5.conscious proprioception and discriminative touch 
B) 1.Conscious proprioception and discriminative touch;2.heat;3.fast pain;4.cold;5.slow pain 
C) 1.Conscious proprioception and discriminative touch;2.cold;3.fast pain;4.heat;5.slow pain 
D) 1.Slow pain;2.cold;3.fast pain;4.heat;5.conscious proprioception and discriminative touch 
A) 1.Slow pain;2.heat;3.fast pain;4.cold;5.conscious proprioception and discriminative touch 
B) 1.Conscious proprioception and discriminative touch;2.heat;3.fast pain;4.cold;5.slow pain 
C) 1.Conscious proprioception and discriminative touch;2.cold;3.fast pain;4.heat;5.slow pain 
D) 1.Slow pain;2.cold;3.fast pain;4.heat;5.conscious proprioception and discriminative touch C

Question 4

What does the counterirritant theory hypothesizes a mechanism affecting:

Accepted Answer

A) Pain transmission 
B) Pain treatment 
C) Pain amplification 
D) None of the above 
A) Pain transmission 
B) Pain treatment 
C) Pain amplification 
D) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is not measured during a complete sensory evaluation?

Accepted Answer

A) Proprioceptive thresholds 
B) Conscious touch sensitivity 
C) Thresholds for stimulation 
D) All of the above 
A) Proprioceptive thresholds 
B) Conscious touch sensitivity 
C) Thresholds for stimulation 
D) All of the above

Question 6

What numerical value(s)is (are)involved in determining whether the results of a nerve conduction study are normal?

Accepted Answer

A) Conduction velocity 
B) Distal latency 
C) Amplitude of the evoked potential 
D) All of the above 
A) Conduction velocity 
B) Distal latency 
C) Amplitude of the evoked potential 
D) All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is a site in the nervous system where the transmission of nociceptive information can be altered?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormonal system 
B) Dorsal horn 
C) Cortical level 
D) All of the above 
A) Hormonal system 
B) Dorsal horn 
C) Cortical level 
D) All of the above

Question 8

When the raphespinal tract is active,which neurotransmitter is released at the axon terminal in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

A) Norepinephrine 
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
C) Dopamine 
D) Substance P 
E) Serotonin 
A) Norepinephrine 
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
C) Dopamine 
D) Substance P 
E) Serotonin

Question 9

Lesions in what location(s)will result in decreased or lost sensation from the contralateral body or face?

Accepted Answer

A) Ventral posterolateral (VPL)nucleus of the thalamus 
B) Ventral posteromedial (VPM)nucleus of the thalamus 
C) A and B 
D) None of the above 
A) Ventral posterolateral (VPL)nucleus of the thalamus 
B) Ventral posteromedial (VPM)nucleus of the thalamus 
C) A and B 
D) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following are NOT characteristics of acute pain?

Accepted Answer

A) Threat of or actual tissue damage 
B) Dysfunction of endogenous pain control systems 
C) Clear description of the location of the pain 
D) Excessive autonomic activity 
A) Threat of or actual tissue damage 
B) Dysfunction of endogenous pain control systems 
C) Clear description of the location of the pain 
D) Excessive autonomic activity

Question 11

The locus coeruleus is located in which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Spinal cord dorsal horn 
B) Medulla 
C) Pons 
D) Midbrain 
E) Cerebral cortex 
A) Spinal cord dorsal horn 
B) Medulla 
C) Pons 
D) Midbrain 
E) Cerebral cortex

Question 12

The role of enkephalins in the spinal cord is:

Accepted Answer

A) To decrease release of substance P from the primary afferent. 
B) To hyperpolarize spinal interneurons in the pain pathway. 
C) To stimulate non-nociceptive interneurons of the dorsal horn. 
D) A and B 
E) A,B,and C 
A) To decrease release of substance P from the primary afferent. 
B) To hyperpolarize spinal interneurons in the pain pathway. 
C) To stimulate non-nociceptive interneurons of the dorsal horn. 
D) A and B 
E) A,B,and C

Question 13

Which of the following are not endorphins?

Accepted Answer

A) Dynorphins 
B) ẞ-Endorphins 
C) Enkephalins 
D) All of the above are types of endorphins. 
A) Dynorphins 
B) ẞ-Endorphins 
C) Enkephalins 
D) All of the above are types of endorphins.

Question 14

Loss of pain and temperature information from the left lower limb below the L4 dermatome,complete loss of discriminative touch and conscious proprioception information from the right lower limb below the L2 dermatome,and loss of voluntary control of the right lower limb below the L2 dermatome indicates which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L4 on the right side 
B) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L4 on the left side 
C) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a complete transection of the cord 
D) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L2 on the right side 
E) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L2 on the left side 
A) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L4 on the right side 
B) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L4 on the left side 
C) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a complete transection of the cord 
D) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L2 on the right side 
E) Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L2 on the left side

Question 15

If only one sensory root is severed,does a complete loss of sensation result in that area?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes.Sensation does not depend on multiple dermatomes. 
B) No.Overlapping dermatomes ensure not all sensation is lost. 
C) No.Multiple sensory roots must be severed for complete sensory loss to occur. 
D) Yes.Overlapping dermatomes will not prevent complete sensation loss. 
A) Yes.Sensation does not depend on multiple dermatomes. 
B) No.Overlapping dermatomes ensure not all sensation is lost. 
C) No.Multiple sensory roots must be severed for complete sensory loss to occur. 
D) Yes.Overlapping dermatomes will not prevent complete sensation loss.

Question 16

Which of the following guidelines will improve the reliability of sensory testing?

Accepted Answer

A) Explain the purpose of the testing. 
B) Administer the test in a loud environment. 
C) Apply stimuli near the center of the dermatomes being tested. 
D) A and C 
A) Explain the purpose of the testing. 
B) Administer the test in a loud environment. 
C) Apply stimuli near the center of the dermatomes being tested. 
D) A and C

Question 17

The periaqueductal gray is located in which one of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Spinal cord dorsal horn 
B) Medulla 
C) Pons 
D) Midbrain 
E) Cerebral cortex 
A) Spinal cord dorsal horn 
B) Medulla 
C) Pons 
D) Midbrain 
E) Cerebral cortex

Question 18

Which of the following is(are)part of the pain matrix?

Accepted Answer

A) Amygdala 
B) Thalamus 
C) Hypothalamus 
D) All of the above 
A) Amygdala 
B) Thalamus 
C) Hypothalamus 
D) All of the above

Which of the following is(are)part of the fast-descending neuronal system for pain inhibition?

Sensory extinction is the:

If sitting with the legs crossed,sensory loss will eventually occur.(Part of the limb will "fall asleep.")In what order will this loss occur? (Hint: compression of a nerve affects function in order according to axon diameter and myelination;largest diameter myelinated axons are affected first)

What does the counterirritant theory hypothesizes a mechanism affecting:

Which of the following is not measured during a complete sensory evaluation?

What numerical value(s)is (are)involved in determining whether the results of a nerve conduction study are normal?

Which of the following is a site in the nervous system where the transmission of nociceptive information can be altered?

When the raphespinal tract is active,which neurotransmitter is released at the axon terminal in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

Lesions in what location(s)will result in decreased or lost sensation from the contralateral body or face?

Which of the following are NOT characteristics of acute pain?

The locus coeruleus is located in which one of the following?

The role of enkephalins in the spinal cord is:

Which of the following are not endorphins?

If only one sensory root is severed,does a complete loss of sensation result in that area?

Which of the following guidelines will improve the reliability of sensory testing?

The periaqueductal gray is located in which one of the following?

Which of the following is(are)part of the pain matrix?

Introduction to Neuroscience

Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the Nervous System

Synapses and Synaptic Transmission

Neuroplasticity

Development of the Nervous System

Somatosensory System

Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes

Autonomic Nervous System

The Motor System: Motor Neurons

Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement

Peripheral Nervous System

Spinal Region

Cranial Nerves

Brainstem Region

Vestibular and Visual Systems

Cerebrum

Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Filters

Exam 7: Somatosensation: Clinical Application

Which of the following is(are)part of the fast-descending neuronal system for pain inhibition?

Sensory extinction is the:

If sitting with the legs crossed,sensory loss will eventually occur.(Part of the limb will "fall asleep.")In what order will this loss occur? (Hint: compression of a nerve affects function in order according to axon diameter and myelination;largest diameter myelinated axons are affected first)

What does the counterirritant theory hypothesizes a mechanism affecting:

Which of the following is not measured during a complete sensory evaluation?

What numerical value(s)is (are)involved in determining whether the results of a nerve conduction study are normal?

Which of the following is a site in the nervous system where the transmission of nociceptive information can be altered?

When the raphespinal tract is active,which neurotransmitter is released at the axon terminal in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

Lesions in what location(s)will result in decreased or lost sensation from the contralateral body or face?

Which of the following are NOT characteristics of acute pain?

The locus coeruleus is located in which one of the following?

The role of enkephalins in the spinal cord is:

Which of the following are not endorphins?

If only one sensory root is severed,does a complete loss of sensation result in that area?

Which of the following guidelines will improve the reliability of sensory testing?

The periaqueductal gray is located in which one of the following?

Which of the following is(are)part of the pain matrix?

Introduction to Neuroscience

Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the Nervous System

Synapses and Synaptic Transmission

Neuroplasticity

Development of the Nervous System

Somatosensory System

Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes

Autonomic Nervous System

The Motor System: Motor Neurons

Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement

Peripheral Nervous System

Spinal Region

Cranial Nerves

Brainstem Region

Vestibular and Visual Systems

Cerebrum

Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Filters