Exam 11: The History and Development of Juvenile Justice

For juvenile offenders, a(n) ___________________, is the equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders.

Juveniles are not indicted for a crime; they have a __________________ filed against them.

Briefly describe the juvenile justice process as presented in the text.

Between 1992 and 1995, forty states and the District of Columbia changed their transfer statutes to make it easier to waive juveniles to adult courts, and since 1992 only one state, __________________, has not changed its transfer status for this purpose.

Which of the following best describes the goals of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899?

New York philanthropist Charles Loring Brace helped develop the _______________ in 1853.

Both juveniles and adults can be placed in pretrial detention facilities.

Which of the following statements about the U.S. juvenile justice system is false?

Secure pretrial holding facilities are called ___________________ rather than jails.

Prior to the creation of the juvenile justice system, the poor, the insane, the diseased, and vagrant and destitute children were commonly housed in the same institutions.

In 1817 prominent New Yorkers formed the ________________________, which viewed the moral training of youths from the dangerous classes as inadequate.

In their study of the early juvenile court in Memphis, Tennessee, Shelden and Osborne noted that more than 96 percent of the actions with which females were charged were:

Juvenile aftercare is similar to ____________________ for adults.

________________ determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile court.

According to the text, which of the following is the most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders?

Unlike juveniles, adults have a constitutional right to counsel.

From the court's creation in 1899 until the late 1960s, the burden of proof in a juvenile court case was:

The doctrine of ___________________ allowed justice officials to place youths in restrictive settings, for the youth's own good, and without the legal protections afforded by the adult criminal justice system.

Brace and the Children's Aid Society devised the ______________________ to send these children to western farms where they could be cared for and find a home.

The National Research Council and Institute of Medicine's Panel on Juvenile Crime expressed alarm over an increasingly punitive juvenile justice system and recommended that: