Exam 6: Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

Dr.Katz is interested in studying self-esteem.He is especially curious as to whether people who have higher self-esteem say the words I and me more often than do those who have low self-esteem.He has decided to poll people and ask them how often they say these words during the day.Explain why you would advise him not to use this method and explain what alternative you would propose.

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Question 1

Correct Answer:

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Students should state that people are unlikely to be able to realistically know how many times they say any given word or two in a given day.(Students may be precise and say this is an issue of inability to report. )Thus,he is likely to acquire a lot of very inaccurate data.As an alternative,they should recommend some sort of observational measure.Students may recommend a specific way to collect data,but that is not necessary.If they mention some alternatives,these could include using some sort of recording device (similar to the electronically activated recorder [EAR] described in the book)or even bringing participants into a lab and counting the words in a lab conversation.

Masked,or blind,study designs are designed to deal with:

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Dr.Ewell,a developmental psychologist,is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. -Given the scenario above,Dr.Ewell is concerned that the children will behave differently because of the presence of research assistants.He is concerned about:

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Question 3

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Dr.Ewell,a developmental psychologist,is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. -Given the scenario above,Dr.Ewell is concerned that the children will behave differently because of the presence of research assistants.Which of the following could he do to address this concern?

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Question 4

Explain how a masked or blind design deals with both observer bias and observer effects.

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Question 5

Which of the following is true of interrater reliability?

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Question 6

All of the following are true of observational data EXCEPT:

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Question 7

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving),Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question?

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Question 8

Dr.Ewell,a developmental psychologist,is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs. -Why would most psychologists have no problem with the ethics of Dr.Ewell's study?

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Question 9

There are several ways to decrease socially desirable responding.Choose one of these and explain why it decreases this response tendency.

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Question 10

Which of the following is another term for response sets?

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Question 11

Which of the following determines the construct validity of a survey questions?

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Question 12

Another word for observer effects is:

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Question 13

In developing a measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving),Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles." What is the problem with this question?

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Question 14

State three ways that a researcher could reduce reactivity in a study and why each one is effective.

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Question 15

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving),Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "People who think a lot are really lame." What is the problem with this question?

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Question 16

How do reverse-worded items address shortcuts?

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Question 17

RESEARCH STUDY 6.3 Dr.Omiata is working on creating a survey designed to measure people's attitudes toward marijuana use.For each statement,the person is asked to rate their agreement on a 5-point scale.A selection of his statements is below. -For each of Dr.Omiata's statements,state whether it is well-worded.If it is not,indicate what the problem is and how it could be fixed.

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Question 18

A study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)involved telling teachers that some of their students were "bloomers" and would achieve rapid academic success within the next year.In fact,these students were no different than any of the other students in the class.At the end of the year,the "bloomers" showed more gains in IQ than the other students.It appeared that the teacher had unintentionally treated the "bloomers" in special ways.This is an example of which of the following?

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Question 19

Explain why socially desirable responding happens.Name one way to decrease the likelihood of its occurrence.

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 51

Masked,or blind,study designs are designed to deal with:

Explain how a masked or blind design deals with both observer bias and observer effects.

Which of the following is true of interrater reliability?

All of the following are true of observational data EXCEPT:

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving),Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question?

There are several ways to decrease socially desirable responding.Choose one of these and explain why it decreases this response tendency.

Which of the following is another term for response sets?

Which of the following determines the construct validity of a survey questions?

Another word for observer effects is:

State three ways that a researcher could reduce reactivity in a study and why each one is effective.

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving),Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "People who think a lot are really lame." What is the problem with this question?

How do reverse-worded items address shortcuts?

Explain why socially desirable responding happens.Name one way to decrease the likelihood of its occurrence.

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Evaluating, finding, and Reading Information

Three Claims, four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replicability, generalization, and the Real World

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