Question 1

Without plate tectonics,we would not have _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) plates in constant motion 
B) mountain building 
C) formation of new oceans 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) plates in constant motion 
B) mountain building 
C) formation of new oceans 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 2

It is not the continents that move relative to a fixed pole,but rather it is the pole that moves relative to fixed continents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Regions of the sea floor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity 
A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity

Question 4

A great boost in sea-floor exploration and a greater understanding of sea-floor bathymetry was a result of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) scientific advances in the 1950s 
B) scientific advances in the 1920s 
C) military needs in World War I 
D) military needs in World War II 
A) scientific advances in the 1950s 
B) scientific advances in the 1920s 
C) military needs in World War I 
D) military needs in World War II

Question 5

By deep-sea drilling,the Glomar Challenger proved the theory that if the model of sea-floor spreading was correct,then sea-floor sediment should be ____________ and ____________ as one moves away from the spreading axis.

Accepted Answer

A) thicker;younger 
B) thicker;older 
C) thinner;younger 
D) thinner;older 
A) thicker;younger 
B) thicker;older 
C) thinner;younger 
D) thinner;older

Question 6

Where Earth's magnetic dipole intersects with the surface of the planet is called the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) magnetic inclination 
B) geographic pole 
C) magnetic dipole 
D) magnetic pole 
A) magnetic inclination 
B) geographic pole 
C) magnetic dipole 
D) magnetic pole

Question 7

What mineral is integral to paleomagnestim?

Accepted Answer

A) magnetite 
B) iron 
C) quartz 
D) potassium feldspar 
A) magnetite 
B) iron 
C) quartz 
D) potassium feldspar

Question 8

Currently,most geologists ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) continue to reject continental drift 
B) agree that continental drift occurs,but they still do not understand why it occurs 
C) agree that continental drift occurs;the mechanisms that drive drift are at work in the ocean basins and upper mantle and were unknown in Wegener's time 
D) agree that continental drift occurs;the mechanisms that drive drift are at work in the lower mantle and outer core and were unknown in Wegener's time 
A) continue to reject continental drift 
B) agree that continental drift occurs,but they still do not understand why it occurs 
C) agree that continental drift occurs;the mechanisms that drive drift are at work in the ocean basins and upper mantle and were unknown in Wegener's time 
D) agree that continental drift occurs;the mechanisms that drive drift are at work in the lower mantle and outer core and were unknown in Wegener's time

Question 9

According to the figure below,the Earth's magnetic reversals are likely due to ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) meteorite impacts 
B) lightning strikes 
C) changes in circulation patterns in the outer core 
D) changes in circulation patterns in the inner core 
A) meteorite impacts 
B) lightning strikes 
C) changes in circulation patterns in the outer core 
D) changes in circulation patterns in the inner core

Question 10

Regions of the sea floor with negative magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity 
A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity

Question 11

Limestone reefs and salt deposits are important rocks in the reconstruction of Earth history because they ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) can be used to infer the ancient climate of the Earth;they are deposited in environments that are restricted to warm climate 
B) automatically provide age information;all such deposits occurred between 200 and 400 million years ago 
C) are deposited in warm climates today,but there is good reason to think that they were deposited in cold climates millions of years ago 
D) imply that ancient human societies had access to good snorkeling and premium margaritas 
A) can be used to infer the ancient climate of the Earth;they are deposited in environments that are restricted to warm climate 
B) automatically provide age information;all such deposits occurred between 200 and 400 million years ago 
C) are deposited in warm climates today,but there is good reason to think that they were deposited in cold climates millions of years ago 
D) imply that ancient human societies had access to good snorkeling and premium margaritas

Question 12

Volcanoes that have submerged beneath the surface of the sea are termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) mid-ocean ridges 
B) guyots 
C) fracture zones 
D) continental rises 
A) mid-ocean ridges 
B) guyots 
C) fracture zones 
D) continental rises

Question 13

Spreading rates along mid-ocean ridges have ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) been remarkably constant through time 
B) changed through time,but are the same everywhere on Earth today 
C) changed through time,and today vary between 1 and 10 m/yr 
D) changed through time,and today vary between 1 and 10 cm/yr 
A) been remarkably constant through time 
B) changed through time,but are the same everywhere on Earth today 
C) changed through time,and today vary between 1 and 10 m/yr 
D) changed through time,and today vary between 1 and 10 cm/yr

Question 14

Within the sea floor,the rate of geothermal heat flow is greatest ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) along mid-ocean ridges 
B) along fracture zones 
C) at the edges of ocean basins 
D) in the center of abyssal plains 
A) along mid-ocean ridges 
B) along fracture zones 
C) at the edges of ocean basins 
D) in the center of abyssal plains

Question 15

Sea-floor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) in the middle of abyssal plains 
B) along mid-ocean ridges 
C) at the edges of continental shelves 
D) along fracture zones 
A) in the middle of abyssal plains 
B) along mid-ocean ridges 
C) at the edges of continental shelves 
D) along fracture zones

Question 16

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of two rocks,____________ and ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) granite;diorite 
B) gabbro;basalt 
C) sandstone;shale 
D) slate;gneiss 
A) granite;diorite 
B) gabbro;basalt 
C) sandstone;shale 
D) slate;gneiss

Question 17

Wegener proposed continental drift after he observed evidence from fossils,glacial deposits,and the fit of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) aligned north to south along the prime meridian during the Late Cenozoic 
B) aligned east to west along the equator during the Late Mesozoic through the Cenozoic 
C) combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Rodinia)in the Proterozoic 
D) combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Pangaea)in the Late Paleozoic through the Mesozoic 
A) aligned north to south along the prime meridian during the Late Cenozoic 
B) aligned east to west along the equator during the Late Mesozoic through the Cenozoic 
C) combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Rodinia)in the Proterozoic 
D) combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Pangaea)in the Late Paleozoic through the Mesozoic

Question 18

This map depicts earthquakes,which coincide with areas where ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) volcanoes also regularly occur 
B) movements of the crust take place 
C) rocks break and move 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) volcanoes also regularly occur 
B) movements of the crust take place 
C) rocks break and move 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 19

A compass today points directly to geographic north.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to the figure below,Earth's magnetic poles move constantly,but don't seem to stray farther than about ____________ from the geographic poles.

Accepted Answer

A) 500 km 
B) 1,000 km 
C) 1,500 km 
D) 2,000 km 
A) 500 km 
B) 1,000 km 
C) 1,500 km 
D) 2,000 km

Exam 3: Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

Without plate tectonics,we would not have _______________.

It is not the continents that move relative to a fixed pole,but rather it is the pole that moves relative to fixed continents.

Regions of the sea floor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ____________.

A great boost in sea-floor exploration and a greater understanding of sea-floor bathymetry was a result of _______________.

By deep-sea drilling,the Glomar Challenger proved the theory that if the model of sea-floor spreading was correct,then sea-floor sediment should be ____________ and ____________ as one moves away from the spreading axis.

Where Earth's magnetic dipole intersects with the surface of the planet is called the ___________.

What mineral is integral to paleomagnestim?

Currently,most geologists ____________.

According to the figure below,the Earth's magnetic reversals are likely due to ______________.

Regions of the sea floor with negative magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ____________.

Limestone reefs and salt deposits are important rocks in the reconstruction of Earth history because they ____________.

Volcanoes that have submerged beneath the surface of the sea are termed ____________.

Spreading rates along mid-ocean ridges have ____________.

Within the sea floor,the rate of geothermal heat flow is greatest ____________.

Sea-floor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ____________.

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of two rocks,____________ and ____________.

Wegener proposed continental drift after he observed evidence from fossils,glacial deposits,and the fit of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once ____________.

This map depicts earthquakes,which coincide with areas where ___________.

A compass today points directly to geographic north.

According to the figure below,Earth's magnetic poles move constantly,but don't seem to stray farther than about ____________ from the geographic poles.

Cosmology and the Birth of Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rock

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Cracks, crags, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Settings: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Filters

By deep-sea drilling,the Glomar Challenger proved the theory that if the model of sea-floor spreading was correct,then sea-floor sediment should be and as one moves away from the spreading axis.

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of two rocks, and .