Question 1

All the following cells reflect chronic inflammation except:

Accepted Answer

A) lymphocytes. 
B) neutrophils. 
C) monocytes. 
D) macrophages. 
A) lymphocytes. 
B) neutrophils. 
C) monocytes. 
D) macrophages. B

Question 2

Why should the laboratory professional look for unexpected structures in smears?

Accepted Answer

A) Large granules, grains, or fungal forms, such as spherules or fungal mats, can best be recognized at low power and give the technician and the physician an insight to the infectious process occurring at that site. 
B) Small numbers of organisms in samples from sterile sites must be seriously considered. 
C) The inflammatory cells that do migrate into the area of the infection can be lysed, and patients with leukopenia may also have fewer inflammatory cells within their inflammatory debris. 
D) Debris is characteristic of particular organisms. 
A) Large granules, grains, or fungal forms, such as spherules or fungal mats, can best be recognized at low power and give the technician and the physician an insight to the infectious process occurring at that site. 
B) Small numbers of organisms in samples from sterile sites must be seriously considered. 
C) The inflammatory cells that do migrate into the area of the infection can be lysed, and patients with leukopenia may also have fewer inflammatory cells within their inflammatory debris. 
D) Debris is characteristic of particular organisms. A

Question 3

When a laboratory professional examines a specimen smear, he or she should be looking for all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) squamous epithelial cells. 
B) mucus. 
C) bacteria without the cells of inflammation. 
D) debris. 
A) squamous epithelial cells. 
B) mucus. 
C) bacteria without the cells of inflammation. 
D) debris. B

Question 4

Some pathogens will not grow in culture and are usually unsuspected.This pathogen can be seen in the sputum and bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with a hyperinfestation syndrome.The name of this pathogen is:

Accepted Answer

A) Strongyloides stercoralis. 
B) Giardia lamblia. 
C) Staphylococcus aureus. 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae. 
A) Strongyloides stercoralis. 
B) Giardia lamblia. 
C) Staphylococcus aureus. 
D) Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Question 5

Bartlett's method for scoring sputum and the Murray-Washington method for contamination assessment associate what with unacceptable sputum specimens?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 to 25 neutrophils/10´ field 
B) Greater than 25 neutrophils/10´ field 
C) 10 to 20 squamous epithelial cells/10´ field 
D) Less than 10 squamous epithelial cells/10´ field 
A) 10 to 25 neutrophils/10´ field 
B) Greater than 25 neutrophils/10´ field 
C) 10 to 20 squamous epithelial cells/10´ field 
D) Less than 10 squamous epithelial cells/10´ field

Question 6

To assist the physician and the laboratory professional in interpreting sputum smears, all of the following local materials are quantitated except:

Accepted Answer

A) microbial flora. 
B) neutrophils. 
C) epithelial cells. 
D) mucus. 
A) microbial flora. 
B) neutrophils. 
C) epithelial cells. 
D) mucus.

Question 7

Because cell wall-damaged bacteria, antibiotic-treated bacteria, or dead bacteria may appear falsely gram-negative, what are "critical cocharacteristics"?

Accepted Answer

A) Color and cell wall composition 
B) Growth characteristics 
C) Shape and size 
D) Size and color 
A) Color and cell wall composition 
B) Growth characteristics 
C) Shape and size 
D) Size and color

Question 8

The most bothersome contaminating materials for the laboratory professional are those that:

Accepted Answer

A) make it hard to see the pathogenic bacteria through all the mucus. 
B) contain microorganisms that will grow in culture and confuse the culture evaluation. 
C) make processing the specimen through digestion and straining extremely time consuming. 
D) appear to resemble fungus on the direct smear. 
A) make it hard to see the pathogenic bacteria through all the mucus. 
B) contain microorganisms that will grow in culture and confuse the culture evaluation. 
C) make processing the specimen through digestion and straining extremely time consuming. 
D) appear to resemble fungus on the direct smear.

Question 9

If a symptomatic patient presents to a physician with an infection, the physician will treat the patient with antibiotics.What role does the laboratory play in antibiotic selection if the physician has already treated the patient before receiving the culture results?

Accepted Answer

A) The physician has only given the patient antibiotic samples, and they will only last for a couple days-until the culture results are ready and a proper prescription can be written. 
B) Physicians will only write antibiotic prescriptions for patients who are infected with a large number of bacteria, so the laboratory needs to tell the physician which antibiotic to use to treat the patient infected with a small number of bacteria. 
C) The physician can treat the patient for bacterial infections, but if the patient has a fungal infection, the physician relies on the laboratory to tell her or him if the patient has a fungal infection. 
D) The physician expects the laboratory to affirm or reject the antibiotic choice made after the presumptive diagnosis. 
A) The physician has only given the patient antibiotic samples, and they will only last for a couple days-until the culture results are ready and a proper prescription can be written. 
B) Physicians will only write antibiotic prescriptions for patients who are infected with a large number of bacteria, so the laboratory needs to tell the physician which antibiotic to use to treat the patient infected with a small number of bacteria. 
C) The physician can treat the patient for bacterial infections, but if the patient has a fungal infection, the physician relies on the laboratory to tell her or him if the patient has a fungal infection. 
D) The physician expects the laboratory to affirm or reject the antibiotic choice made after the presumptive diagnosis.

Question 10

The purpose of a simple stain is to:

Accepted Answer

A) color specific components of specific elements. 
B) color the forms and shapes present. 
C) specifically identify an organism. 
D) identify the types of DNA and RNA present in the nucleus of a cell. 
A) color specific components of specific elements. 
B) color the forms and shapes present. 
C) specifically identify an organism. 
D) identify the types of DNA and RNA present in the nucleus of a cell.

Question 11

Commonly encountered polymicrobial infections are:

Accepted Answer

A) perirectal abscesses. 
B) indwelling catheter infections. 
C) infant meningitis. 
D) food poisoning. 
A) perirectal abscesses. 
B) indwelling catheter infections. 
C) infant meningitis. 
D) food poisoning.

Question 12

What elements should be included in the direct examination of a microbial smear?

Accepted Answer

A) Only those elements useful in characterizing the specimen 
B) Only elements pertaining to the necrosis present in the specimen 
C) Only those elements pertaining to the amount of gram-positive cocci present in the specimen 
D) Only those elements of contaminating material present in the specimen 
A) Only those elements useful in characterizing the specimen 
B) Only elements pertaining to the necrosis present in the specimen 
C) Only those elements pertaining to the amount of gram-positive cocci present in the specimen 
D) Only those elements of contaminating material present in the specimen

Question 13

All of the following are signs of acute inflammation on a bacterial smear except:

Accepted Answer

A) mucus. 
B) red blood cells. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) protein background. 
A) mucus. 
B) red blood cells. 
C) neutrophils. 
D) protein background.

Question 14

When examining specimen smears for pathogenic bacteria, what is important to note?

Accepted Answer

A) Wright's stain reaction 
B) Intracellular and extracellular forms 
C) Details of the microbe's nuclear structure 
D) The amount of fecal material on the slide 
A) Wright's stain reaction 
B) Intracellular and extracellular forms 
C) Details of the microbe's nuclear structure 
D) The amount of fecal material on the slide

Question 15

By looking at a bacterial smear, how can you tell if the infection is polymicrobial?

Accepted Answer

A) Mucus, red blood cells, neutrophils, and necrosis are on the smear. 
B) Lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages are on the smear. 
C) More than one morphologic type of bacteria is present on the smear. 
D) Both gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci are present on the smear. 
A) Mucus, red blood cells, neutrophils, and necrosis are on the smear. 
B) Lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages are on the smear. 
C) More than one morphologic type of bacteria is present on the smear. 
D) Both gram-negative rods and gram-positive cocci are present on the smear.

Question 16

What is the most common causative agent of gas gangrene?

Accepted Answer

A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
C) Clostridium perfringens 
D) Haemophilus influenzae 
A) Staphylococcus aureus 
B) Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
C) Clostridium perfringens 
D) Haemophilus influenzae

Question 17

In the microbiology laboratory, which instrument is routinely used to examine smears for structures that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye?

Accepted Answer

A) Cytocentrifuge 
B) Thermal cycler 
C) Compound microscope 
D) Electron microscope 
A) Cytocentrifuge 
B) Thermal cycler 
C) Compound microscope 
D) Electron microscope

Question 18

Culture results:

Accepted Answer

A) confirm the correctness of the therapeutic choices already made and implemented. 
B) help the physician select an antibiotic for treatment. 
C) must be confirmed before initiating antibiotic treatment for a patient. 
D) help confirm the patient's high white blood count. 
A) confirm the correctness of the therapeutic choices already made and implemented. 
B) help the physician select an antibiotic for treatment. 
C) must be confirmed before initiating antibiotic treatment for a patient. 
D) help confirm the patient's high white blood count.

Question 19

Local materials that may be added in the criteria for accepting or rejecting a respiratory specimen include all the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) mucus. 
B) macrophages. 
C) bacterial ropes. 
D) ciliated columnar cells. 
A) mucus. 
B) macrophages. 
C) bacterial ropes. 
D) ciliated columnar cells.

Question 20

You are working in a microbiology laboratory and receive a sputum for culture.You perform a Gram stain on the sputum and get the following results: 3+ gram-positive cocci, greater than 25 epithelial cells/10´ field, less than 10 neutrophils/10´ field, and heavy mucus.What do these results indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) An acceptable specimen that should be worked up with definitive identification for all bacteria present 
B) An unacceptable specimen and workup that should be limited to basic identification of bacteria 
C) An unacceptable specimen that should be worked up with definitive identification for all bacteria present 
D) An acceptable specimen and workup that should be limited to the basic identification of bacteria 
A) An acceptable specimen that should be worked up with definitive identification for all bacteria present 
B) An unacceptable specimen and workup that should be limited to basic identification of bacteria 
C) An unacceptable specimen that should be worked up with definitive identification for all bacteria present 
D) An acceptable specimen and workup that should be limited to the basic identification of bacteria

Exam 7: Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

All the following cells reflect chronic inflammation except:

Why should the laboratory professional look for unexpected structures in smears?

When a laboratory professional examines a specimen smear, he or she should be looking for all of the following except:

Some pathogens will not grow in culture and are usually unsuspected.This pathogen can be seen in the sputum and bronchoalveolar fluid of patients with a hyperinfestation syndrome.The name of this pathogen is:

Bartlett's method for scoring sputum and the Murray-Washington method for contamination assessment associate what with unacceptable sputum specimens?

To assist the physician and the laboratory professional in interpreting sputum smears, all of the following local materials are quantitated except:

Because cell wall-damaged bacteria, antibiotic-treated bacteria, or dead bacteria may appear falsely gram-negative, what are "critical cocharacteristics"?

The most bothersome contaminating materials for the laboratory professional are those that:

If a symptomatic patient presents to a physician with an infection, the physician will treat the patient with antibiotics.What role does the laboratory play in antibiotic selection if the physician has already treated the patient before receiving the culture results?

The purpose of a simple stain is to:

Commonly encountered polymicrobial infections are:

What elements should be included in the direct examination of a microbial smear?

All of the following are signs of acute inflammation on a bacterial smear except:

When examining specimen smears for pathogenic bacteria, what is important to note?

By looking at a bacterial smear, how can you tell if the infection is polymicrobial?

What is the most common causative agent of gas gangrene?

In the microbiology laboratory, which instrument is routinely used to examine smears for structures that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye?

Culture results:

Local materials that may be added in the criteria for accepting or rejecting a respiratory specimen include all the following except:

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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