Question 1

Which of the following defines the term "edgework"?

Accepted Answer

A) the police investigations that take place in dangerous neighbourhoods as a means of deterring crime 
B) the thrill that motivates people to engage in risky behaviours, including committing crimes 
C) the guilt or shame induced as a means of decreasing recidivism rates 
D) the learning of new techniques for committing crimes by young persons in prisons 
A) the police investigations that take place in dangerous neighbourhoods as a means of deterring crime 
B) the thrill that motivates people to engage in risky behaviours, including committing crimes 
C) the guilt or shame induced as a means of decreasing recidivism rates 
D) the learning of new techniques for committing crimes by young persons in prisons B

Question 2

Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. Critique this theory. Do you agree with the basic premise of this theory? State why or why not.

Accepted Answer

The theory of specific deterrence, which suggests that the threat of severe punishment will prevent known criminals from repeating their criminal acts, has been a subject of debate among criminologists and policymakers. While the basic premise of this theory is to prevent recidivism by making the consequences of criminal behavior so severe that individuals will be deterred from committing crimes, there are several critiques of this approach.

Firstly, the theory of specific deterrence assumes that individuals are rational actors who carefully weigh the potential costs and benefits of their actions before engaging in criminal behavior. However, research has shown that many individuals who commit crimes do not consider the potential consequences of their actions in the heat of the moment, especially if they are under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Therefore, the threat of severe punishment may not always be an effective deterrent for these individuals.

Additionally, the theory of specific deterrence does not take into account the underlying factors that contribute to criminal behavior, such as poverty, lack of education, or mental illness. Simply increasing the severity of punishment may not address these root causes of crime and may not effectively prevent individuals from reoffending.

Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that the certainty of punishment, rather than its severity, is a more effective deterrent for criminal behavior. This means that individuals are more likely to be deterred from committing crimes if they believe they will be caught and punished, rather than if they fear the severity of the punishment.

In conclusion, while the basic premise of the theory of specific deterrence is to prevent recidivism by making the consequences of criminal behavior so severe that individuals will be deterred from committing crimes, there are several critiques of this approach. It is important to consider the limitations of this theory and to explore alternative approaches to preventing criminal behavior, such as addressing the root causes of crime and increasing the certainty of punishment. Therefore, I do not fully agree with the basic premise of this theory.

Question 4

The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions must be equally applied to all offenders.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Discuss drug use from the rational choice perspective.

Accepted Answer

The rational choice perspective on drug

Question 6

Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality, which he labels "the lure of crime."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which statement summarizes a rational choice theorist's view of crime?

Accepted Answer

A) Crime occurs when values and beliefs are structured to include a criminal norm. 
B) It is a matter of an offender being in the right place at the right time. 
C) Crime occurs when an offender decides that the rewards outweigh the risks. 
D) Criminals are born with the genetic predisposition toward deviance. 
A) Crime occurs when values and beliefs are structured to include a criminal norm. 
B) It is a matter of an offender being in the right place at the right time. 
C) Crime occurs when an offender decides that the rewards outweigh the risks. 
D) Criminals are born with the genetic predisposition toward deviance.

Question 8

Paul Bernardo and many others have been designated dangerous offenders by criminal courts in Canada. What is the impact of this designation on the offender?

Accepted Answer

A) the death penalty, should it be reinstated while the offender is incarcerated 
B) a 20-year sentence without chance of parole 
C) a mandatory life term with possibility of parole 
D) an indefinite prison sentence 
A) the death penalty, should it be reinstated while the offender is incarcerated 
B) a 20-year sentence without chance of parole 
C) a mandatory life term with possibility of parole 
D) an indefinite prison sentence

Question 9

Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The relationship between certainty of punishment and crime rates is far from settled. Discuss this relationship.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between the certainty o

Question 11

James is a 60-year-old male who was recently sentenced to 10 years in a federal institution. What is the most important concern with inmates such as James in the Canadian correctional system?

Accepted Answer

A) Older inmates are growing in numbers and are more likely to stage protests. 
B) It costs more than double to house older inmates than younger inmates. 
C) Older inmates are more likely to be granted day parole than younger inmates and processing costs are high. 
D) Older inmates tend to have more difficulty adjusting to maximum-security settings than younger inmates. 
A) Older inmates are growing in numbers and are more likely to stage protests. 
B) It costs more than double to house older inmates than younger inmates. 
C) Older inmates are more likely to be granted day parole than younger inmates and processing costs are high. 
D) Older inmates tend to have more difficulty adjusting to maximum-security settings than younger inmates.

Question 12

Research indicates that the more prior incarceration experiences inmates have, the more likely they are to reoffend (and return to prison) within 12 months of their release.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which is a difference between stigmatization and reintegrative shaming?

Accepted Answer

A) Stigmatization involves humiliating the offender; reintegrative shaming involves condemning the offender's actions and reconnecting the offender with the community. 
B) Stigmatization involves labelling the offender as evil or bad; reintegrative shaming involves rejection of the offender from the community. 
C) Stigmatization involves labelling the offender as evil or bad; reintegrative shaming involves condemning the offender's actions and reconnecting the offender with the community. 
D) Stigmatization involves having offenders admit their errors in a public way; reintegrative shaming involves having to help offenders understand that what they did is evil or bad. 
A) Stigmatization involves humiliating the offender; reintegrative shaming involves condemning the offender's actions and reconnecting the offender with the community. 
B) Stigmatization involves labelling the offender as evil or bad; reintegrative shaming involves rejection of the offender from the community. 
C) Stigmatization involves labelling the offender as evil or bad; reintegrative shaming involves condemning the offender's actions and reconnecting the offender with the community. 
D) Stigmatization involves having offenders admit their errors in a public way; reintegrative shaming involves having to help offenders understand that what they did is evil or bad.

Question 14

Crime prevention tactics used today generally fall into one of four categories. Which of the following categories would the installation of metal detectors at school entrances fit into?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the effort needed to commit crime 
B) reducing anticipated rewards for crime 
C) increasing the risk of committing crime 
D) inducing guilt or shame for committing crime 
A) increasing the effort needed to commit crime 
B) reducing anticipated rewards for crime 
C) increasing the risk of committing crime 
D) inducing guilt or shame for committing crime

Question 15

In his book Crime, Shame, and Reintegration, John Braithwaite helps explain why specific deterrence measures may be doomed to failure. Discuss why Braithwaite makes this argument, and then discuss what he feels should be done to control crime.

Accepted Answer

In his book Crime, Shame, and Reintegrat

Question 16

Which term is used to refer to the fact that 38 percent of Canadians serving a life term will be 55 years or older before they become eligible for parole?

Accepted Answer

A) rehabilitative ageism 
B) elder confinement 
C) elder lock-up 
D) geriatric overload 
A) rehabilitative ageism 
B) elder confinement 
C) elder lock-up 
D) geriatric overload

Question 17

According to research, what type of specific deterrence is most effective in reducing recidivism rates?

Accepted Answer

A) probation 
B) physical punishment 
C) incarceration 
D) mandatory community service 
A) probation 
B) physical punishment 
C) incarceration 
D) mandatory community service

Question 18

The term "definitive space" signifies that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What does the concept of general deterrence suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) Motivated people will violate the law if left free and unrestricted to do so. 
B) The decision to commit crime is affected by the perceived likelihood of punishment. 
C) If there are more suitable guardians for adolescents and children, there will be less crime. 
D) As people get older, they will commit fewer crimes due to responsibilities and maturity. 
A) Motivated people will violate the law if left free and unrestricted to do so. 
B) The decision to commit crime is affected by the perceived likelihood of punishment. 
C) If there are more suitable guardians for adolescents and children, there will be less crime. 
D) As people get older, they will commit fewer crimes due to responsibilities and maturity.

Question 20

What does research suggest about whether or not street crimes are rational?

Accepted Answer

A) Street crimes are irrational in that they generally result in arrest and conviction. 
B) Street crimes are rational in that only highly skilled offenders commit serious offences. 
C) Street crimes are rational in that the target and method of commission are carefully considered. 
D) Street crimes are irrational in that the majority of offenders only gain small rewards. 
A) Street crimes are irrational in that they generally result in arrest and conviction. 
B) Street crimes are rational in that only highly skilled offenders commit serious offences. 
C) Street crimes are rational in that the target and method of commission are carefully considered. 
D) Street crimes are irrational in that the majority of offenders only gain small rewards.

Which of the following defines the term "edgework"?

Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another.

The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. Critique this theory. Do you agree with the basic premise of this theory? State why or why not.

The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions must be equally applied to all offenders.

Discuss drug use from the rational choice perspective.

Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality, which he labels "the lure of crime."

Which statement summarizes a rational choice theorist's view of crime?

Paul Bernardo and many others have been designated dangerous offenders by criminal courts in Canada. What is the impact of this designation on the offender?

Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology.

The relationship between certainty of punishment and crime rates is far from settled. Discuss this relationship.

James is a 60-year-old male who was recently sentenced to 10 years in a federal institution. What is the most important concern with inmates such as James in the Canadian correctional system?

Research indicates that the more prior incarceration experiences inmates have, the more likely they are to reoffend (and return to prison) within 12 months of their release.

Which is a difference between stigmatization and reintegrative shaming?

Crime prevention tactics used today generally fall into one of four categories. Which of the following categories would the installation of metal detectors at school entrances fit into?

In his book Crime, Shame, and Reintegration, John Braithwaite helps explain why specific deterrence measures may be doomed to failure. Discuss why Braithwaite makes this argument, and then discuss what he feels should be done to control crime.

Which term is used to refer to the fact that 38 percent of Canadians serving a life term will be 55 years or older before they become eligible for parole?

According to research, what type of specific deterrence is most effective in reducing recidivism rates?

The term "definitive space" signifies that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity.

What does the concept of general deterrence suggest?

What does research suggest about whether or not street crimes are rational?

Crime and Criminology

The Nature and Extent of Crime

Victims and Victimization

Trait Theory: ITS in Their Blood

Social Structure Theories

Socialization and Crime

Social Conflict Theory: ITS a Dog:eat:dog World

Integrated Theories: Things Change

Violent Crime

Property Crimes

White: Collar and Organized Crime

Public Order Crimes

Filters

Exam 4: Choice Theory: Because They Want to

Which of the following defines the term "edgework"?

Diffusion of benefits occurs when efforts to prevent one crime unintentionally prevent another.

The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts. Critique this theory. Do you agree with the basic premise of this theory? State why or why not.

The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions must be equally applied to all offenders.

Discuss drug use from the rational choice perspective.

Sociologist Jack Katz argues that there are immediate benefits to criminality, which he labels "the lure of crime."

Which statement summarizes a rational choice theorist's view of crime?

Paul Bernardo and many others have been designated dangerous offenders by criminal courts in Canada. What is the impact of this designation on the offender?

Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology.

The relationship between certainty of punishment and crime rates is far from settled. Discuss this relationship.

James is a 60-year-old male who was recently sentenced to 10 years in a federal institution. What is the most important concern with inmates such as James in the Canadian correctional system?

Research indicates that the more prior incarceration experiences inmates have, the more likely they are to reoffend (and return to prison) within 12 months of their release.

Which is a difference between stigmatization and reintegrative shaming?

Crime prevention tactics used today generally fall into one of four categories. Which of the following categories would the installation of metal detectors at school entrances fit into?

In his book Crime, Shame, and Reintegration, John Braithwaite helps explain why specific deterrence measures may be doomed to failure. Discuss why Braithwaite makes this argument, and then discuss what he feels should be done to control crime.

Which term is used to refer to the fact that 38 percent of Canadians serving a life term will be 55 years or older before they become eligible for parole?

According to research, what type of specific deterrence is most effective in reducing recidivism rates?

The term "definitive space" signifies that crime can be prevented or displaced through the use of residential architectural designs that reduce criminal opportunity.

What does the concept of general deterrence suggest?

What does research suggest about whether or not street crimes are rational?

Crime and Criminology

The Nature and Extent of Crime

Victims and Victimization

Trait Theory: ITS in Their Blood

Social Structure Theories

Socialization and Crime

Social Conflict Theory: ITS a Dog:eat:dog World

Integrated Theories: Things Change

Violent Crime

Property Crimes

White: Collar and Organized Crime

Public Order Crimes

Filters