Exam 12: Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate Sanctions, and Restorative Justice

_____________________________ occurs when the terms of probation are violated and an offender is sent to prison.

The genesis of probation in the United States can be traced back to the efforts of John Augustus in Boston.

National data indicate that what percentage of probationers successfully complete their probationary sentences

Some jurisdictions have experimented with _____________________ punishment, a method designed to reduce parole violations in which probationers are incarcerated within hours of a parole violation.

The common-law practice of __________________ allowed judges to suspend punishment so that convicted offenders could seek a pardon, gather new evidence, or demonstrate reformed behavior.

A ________________________ is a monetary payment made by the defendant as a punishment.

CASE 12.1 John Lewis is a 28-year-old married man with one child who was laid off from his job as a coal miner and was recently arrested for possession of drugs in rural West Virginia. His attorney made it known during the court process that Mr. Lewis's arrest for prescription pain drugs without a valid prescription stemmed from an injury he sustained years ago on the job. Given this information, answer the follow questions: -After being given a report by the probation department called a ________________, the judge discovers that Mr. Lewis's claims are valid, that he is not a flight risk or a danger to society, and that he has educational and job experience that warrant probation.

Which of the following is the process in which a probation officer settles cases at the initial appearance before the onset of formal criminal proceedings

As assessment of the threat level probationers pose to the public is called a _________________.

Which of the following is the practice that requires convicted criminals to spend a portion of their sentence behind bars and the remainder in the community

Case law has established that probationers are entitled to be represented by counsel during probation revocation hearings.

CASE 12.2 Gloria Karli, a secretary and single mother of three with no prior arrests, was arrested for larceny and vandalism when she stole $700 worth of jewelry from a coworker's house and slashed the coworker's tires in retaliation for comments made to Gloria's supervisor about missing work for unexcused reasons. Given this information, answer the following questions: -Given Ms. Karli's noncriminal past, the judge orders the offender into a program that sentences her to ten days in jail, followed by six months of probation. This is called:

Describe the duties of a probation officer.

In a classic study, Petersilia et al. found that 65% of convicted felon probationers were not rearrested.

Victim-offender mediation programs are used worldwide and in the United States are often employed in schools.

Which of the following is a view of the criminal justice system that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than against the state

If a probationer violates his or her probation by committing another crime, this is referred to as a legal violation.

Which of the following is not a benefit of community sentencing that includes probation

John Howard was a leading reformer of probation in the United States.

Levying a money payment on offenders to compensate society for their misdeeds is called a(n):