Exam 1: Introducing Operating Systems

In active multiprogramming,each program is allowed to use only a preset amount of CPU time before it is interrupted so another job can begin its execution.The interrupted job resumes execution at some later time.This idea is called ____.

A ____ chip holds software that is used to start the computer.

____ means that several logical records are grouped within one physical record.

With distributed operating systems,users need to be aware of which processor is actually running their applications.

Starting in the 1950s,to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU,an interface called the ____ was placed between them to act as a buffer.

The name for the core portion of an operating system is the ____.

Networking was not always an integral part of operating systems.

____ allows separate partitions of a single server to support different operating systems.

____ systems are used in time-critical environments where reliability is key and data must be processed within a strict time limit.

Batch systems date from early computers,when each job consisted of a stack of chips entered into the system as a unit known as a stack.

The first bug was a moth trapped in a Harvard computer.

Onboard systems are computers that are physically placed inside the products that they operate to add features and capabilities.

In the 1980s,as a result of multiprocessing techniques,it became possible to execute two programs at the same time in parallel.

____ is where the data and instructions of a computer must reside to be processed.

The buffers used in the 1950s to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU were conceptually similar to those now used routinely by Web browsers to make video and audio playback smoother.

A hybrid system is a combination of ____ systems.

The operating system manages each and every piece of hardware and software.

The ____ uniquely identifies each resource,starts its operation,monitors its progress,and,finally,deallocates it,making the operating system available to the next waiting process.

The most common mechanism for implementing multiprogramming was the introduction of the ____ concept,whereby the CPU was notified of events needing operating systems services.

The word ____ is used to indicate that a program is permanently held in ROM (read only memory),as opposed to being held in secondary storage.