Exam 1: Introducing Operating Systems

The central processing unit (CPU)is the brains of the computer with the circuitry to control the interpretation and execution of instructions.

Each peripheral device has its own software,called a(n)____,which contains the detailed instructions required to start that device,allocate it to a job,use the device correctly,and deallocate it when it's appropriate.

With the development of ____ technology,a single chip was equipped with two or more processor cores.

There are two primary types of user interfaces: the graphical user interface and the command line interface.

There are two types of real-time systems depending on the consequences of missing the deadline.A ____ real-time system risks total system failure if the predicted time deadline is missed.

General-purpose operating systems such as Linux or Windows are used in embedded systems.

A system with ____ divides programs into parts and keep them in secondary storage,bringing each part into memory only as it is needed.

When executing a job,the File Manager determines whether a user request requires that a file be retrieved from storage or whether it is already in memory.

The efficiency of a batch system is measured in ____,which is the number of jobs completed in a given amount of time.

With ____ operating systems,users can think they are working with a system using one processor,when in fact they are connected to a cluster of many processors working closely together.

The ____ is often very different from one operating system to the next,sometimes even between different versions of the same operating system.

In the 2010s,chips with millions of transistors that were very close together helped increase system performance dramatically.

The Memory Manager is in charge of main memory,widely known as ROM.

An important function of the Processor Manager is to keep track of the status of each job,process,and thread.

The Device Manager is responsible for connecting with every device that's available on the system and for choosing the most efficient way to allocate them.

____ is the practice of using Internet-connected resources to perform processing,storage,or other operations.

In active multiprogramming schemes,a job can monopolize the CPU for a long time while all other jobs waited.

Operating systems with networking capability have a fifth essential manager called the Network Manager that provides a convenient way for authorized users to share resources.

The content of a random access memory (RAM)chip is nonvolatile,meaning that it is not erased when the power is turned off.

The Memory Manager,the Interface Manager,the User Manager,and the File Manager are the four essential managers of every major operating system.