Exam 5: Identifying Good Measurement

RESEARCH STUDY 5.4 Dr. Li is interested in creating a measurement of religiosity. According to the dictionary, religiosity is "the quality of being religious; piety; devoutness." He creates a measure comprising 10 statements. People respond to each statement using the following scale (1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Some of the statements are below. Statement 1: "I believe in a religion." Statement 2: "Part of who I am stems from my religious beliefs." Statement 3: "I believe that religion is unnecessary." -Refer to Research Study 5.4 above to answer the following question. Dr.Li gives his new measure to a group of 100 adults in order to test the internal validity of his measure.Draw two scatterplots: one that demonstrates the likely relationship between Statement 1 and Statement 2 and one that demonstrates the likely relationship between Statement 1 and Statement 3.Explain why you have drawn each scatterplot as you have.

Name the three types of reliability and the four types of validity.

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 Dr. Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Mayo scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." -Refer to Research Study 5.1 above to answer the following question. Dr.Valencia is concerned whether her measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept.She is concerned about the scale's ____________.

Explain why many people feel that physiological measurements are the best way to operationalize a variable but why they may not,in fact,be the best.

RESEARCH STUDY 5.2 Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions and it takes 20 minutes to complete. -Refer to Research Study 5.2 above to answer the following question. If Dr.Sheffield's measure does not actually measure pathological gambling,his measure is said to lack which of the following?

Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability.Which of the following is a categorical way to operationalize caffeine consumption?

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 Dr. Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Mayo scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." -Refer to Research Study 5.1 above to answer the following question. Dr.Valencia calculates a correlation coefficient (r)to examine the relationship between Question 1 and Question 2 and between Question 1 and Question 3.She finds a correlation coefficient of r ? -0.73 between Questions 1 and 2 and a correlation coefficient of r ? 0.74 between Questions 1 and 3.Which of the following is true of her findings?

Which of the following is true of scatterplots?

Establishing construct validity is most important for which of the following?

Establishing construct validity would probably be most important for which of the following?

A correlation-based statistic called __________ is commonly used to determine internal reliability.

RESEARCH STUDY 5.2 Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions and it takes 20 minutes to complete. -Refer to Research Study 5.2 above to answer the following question. To test his measure,Dr.Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people in Gamblers Anonymous (GA)and another group in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).He finds that people in the GA group have higher scores on his new measure than people in the AA group.Why did Dr.Sheffield do this?

RESEARCH STUDY 5.2 Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions and it takes 20 minutes to complete. -Refer to Research Study 5.2 above to answer the following question. To test his measure,Dr.Sheffield gives his measure to a group of his clients and at the same time measures how many times they have been gambling in the past month.He predicts that clients who score higher on his measure will also report gambling more times in the past month.This procedure is meant to provide evidence for which of the following?

RESEARCH STUDY 5.2 Dr. Sheffield is a clinical psychologist who specializes in treating pathological gambling. Pathological gambling is defined as being unable to resist impulses to gamble. Bothered by not having a good measure that he can give to clients to determine whether they are suffering from this condition, he creates a new measure of pathological gambling. The measure has 15 questions and it takes 20 minutes to complete. -Refer to Research Study 5.2 above to answer the following question. Dr.Sheffield has decided to test the discriminant validity of his new measure.He has a group of first-time GA attendants complete his measure,and finds that they score higher than a group of people who do not attend the group.Which of the following results would provide evidence for discriminant validity?

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 Dr. Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Mayo scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." -Refer to Research Study 5.1 above to answer the following question. Dr.Valencia is concerned about the validity of the measure of narcissism recommended by her colleague.She sends a copy of the measure to the faculty members in her psychology department to look at and they all tell her it looks like it will measure narcissism.She now has evidence of which of the following?

RESEARCH STUDY 5.4 Dr. Li is interested in creating a measurement of religiosity. According to the dictionary, religiosity is "the quality of being religious; piety; devoutness." He creates a measure comprising 10 statements. People respond to each statement using the following scale (1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Some of the statements are below. Statement 1: "I believe in a religion." Statement 2: "Part of who I am stems from my religious beliefs." Statement 3: "I believe that religion is unnecessary." -Refer to Research Study 5.4 above to answer the following question. Provide a suggestion for how Dr.Li could establish the face validity of his measure and a suggestion for how he could establish the content validity of his measure.

Naomi is studying the effect of popularity on academic success for her research methods project.To do this,she has elementary school students rate how popular each member of their class is.She then uses this information to rank the students on popularity (e.g.,John is the most popular,Vanessa is the second-most popular).Which of the following best describes this variable?

RESEARCH STUDY 5.4 Dr. Li is interested in creating a measurement of religiosity. According to the dictionary, religiosity is "the quality of being religious; piety; devoutness." He creates a measure comprising 10 statements. People respond to each statement using the following scale (1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Some of the statements are below. Statement 1: "I believe in a religion." Statement 2: "Part of who I am stems from my religious beliefs." Statement 3: "I believe that religion is unnecessary." -Refer to Research Study 5.4 above to answer the following question. Name two types of reliability and how each one could be established,given the above scenario.

RESEARCH STUDY 5.4 Dr. Li is interested in creating a measurement of religiosity. According to the dictionary, religiosity is "the quality of being religious; piety; devoutness." He creates a measure comprising 10 statements. People respond to each statement using the following scale (1 = strongly disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 5 = strongly agree). Some of the statements are below. Statement 1: "I believe in a religion." Statement 2: "Part of who I am stems from my religious beliefs." Statement 3: "I believe that religion is unnecessary." -Refer to Research Study 5.4 above to answer the following question. Dr.Li gives his new measure to a group of 100 adults in order to test the internal validity of his measure.What type of correlation coefficients (r)would Dr.Li expect to find between Statement 1 and Statement 2 and between Statement 1 and Statement 3? What would these correlation coefficients tell Dr.Li about the internal reliability of his measure?

RESEARCH STUDY 5.1 Dr. Valencia is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer social interactions than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Mayo scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." -Refer to Research Study 5.1 above to answer the following question. Before using the measure in her study,Dr.Valencia gives the measure to a group of students on Tuesday.She gives the measure to them again on Thursday.Dr.Valencia is examining the scatterplot of the data she collected on Day 1 and Day 2.On the scatterplot,she sees that the dots are very close to the line.This indicates which of the following?