Exam 8: Multivariate Correlational Research

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. A colleague of Dr.Farah's questions the internal validity of her causal claim.He is curious as to whether the relationship between homework and academic achievement could be explained by interest in one's classes.Specifically,he thinks that students who are interested in their classes will both do more homework and have higher GPAs.Which of the following is a solution to this possible threat to internal validity?

-Refer to Research Study 8.2 above to answer the following question. Given Dr.Sparrow's design,which of the following is his study best able to deal with?

In understanding "controlling for" a third variable,which of the following is a similar concept?

A researcher has examined a variety of correlational studies that point to a causal relationship between two variables.All of the studies have found a positive relationship between the two variables,but for ethical reasons,no experiments have been conducted.Using an approach of pattern and parsimony,the researcher may begin to make a causal claim by doing which of the following?

-Refer to Research Study 8.4 above to answer the following question. From Dr.O'Toole's study,provide an example of each of the following: a cross-sectional correlation,an autocorrelation,and a cross-lag correlation.

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. Correlation C is an example of which of the following types of correlations?

Which of the following is a correlation that could be found using a longitudinal design and a simple bivariate design?

Explain the value of pattern and parsimony in attempting to establish causal links in correlational findings.

-Refer to Research Study 8.2 above to answer the following question. Which of the following is NOT a predictor variable in Dr.Sparrow's study?

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. Correlation D is an example of which of the following types of correlations?

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the following correlations is a cross-sectional correlation?

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. Imagine that Dr.Farah noted a cyclical,reinforcing relationship between homework and academic achievement.For this to be case,which of the following correlations would need to be significant?

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. What type of study design is Dr.Farah using?

Which of the following popular press "headlines" might suggest that a multiple regression has been used?

The pattern and parsimony approach to causation is a good example of which cycle in research?

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. In considering the three causal rules,which of the following rules/questions will Dr.Farah's study address?

Which of the following is a reason that multiple regression designs are inferior to experimental designs?

-Refer to Research Study 8.2 above to answer the following question. Which of the following can be concluded based on the results of Dr.Sparrow's study?

RESEARCH STUDY 8.1 Dr. Farah is an educational psychologist who is interested in studying the link between homework and academic achievement. Over the years, several researchers have found a link between the two, suggesting that doing homework is associated with higher grades. However, Dr. Farah is curious about the possible causal link between the two variables. She conducts the following study. At the beginning of the spring semester, Dr. Farah measures the number of hours her students spend doing homework during the preceding week and their fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement). At the end of the semester, Dr. Farah measures the same variables again (the hours spent doing homework the preceding week and their spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. -Refer to Research Study 8.1 above to answer the following question. Of the correlations listed in the table,how many are autocorrelations?

RESEARCH STUDY 8.5 Dr. Nguyen is a psychologist who studies legal decision making. Specifically, he is curious about the factors that influence the sentences juries give to defendants that are irrelevant to the crime committed (known as extra-legal factors). To study this further, he samples a group of jury-eligible adults from the Memphis area. He provides them with the fact pattern to a particular case and allows them to watch the closing statements from the trial. He then asks them to provide a sentence (in months) for the defendant. In addition, he measures two legal factors (the number of arguments made by the prosecuting attorney and the length of time the defense attorney speaks during his or her closing argument) and two extra-legal factors (how attractive the participants think the defendant is [higher scores indicate higher ratings of attractiveness] and how many legal televisions shows the participants watch). The data are below. -Refer to Research Study 8.5 above to answer the following question. Explain whether or not Dr.Nguyen could conduct an experiment instead of a multiple regression design.Regardless,why would an experiment be better than his current study?