Exam 3: The Search for Causes

Phrenology is the study of the shape of the head to determine anatomical correlates of human behavior.

The relatively stable characteristic patterns of thoughts,feelings,and behaviors that make a person unique,and that influence that person's behavior is:

The theory that criminality is largely the result of conscious choices that people make.According to the ________________Choice theory,offenders choose to violate the law when they believe that the benefits of doing so outweigh the costs.

A social process perspective that sees continued crime as a consequence of the limited opportunities for acceptable behavior that follow from the negative responses of society to those defined as offenders is known as the social development theory.

A condition characterized by the existence of features thought to be common in earlier stages of human evolution is known as the ________________ theory.

Which of Merton's categories would a law-abiding citizen fall into?

What would you call a scientist who examines the shape of the head to determine causes of human behavior?

What is a theory? Describe the steps in criminological theory building,and explain the role that social research plays in the development of theories about crime.

William Sheldon used somatotyping to explain juvenile criminal behavior.

A branch of criminology that was developed after World War II and that builds on the tenets of postmodern social thought is known as:

Anomie is a socially pervasive condition of normlessness.

What is meant by "emergent perspectives"? List and define three emergent perspectives on crime causation.

Define and comment on the biosocial theory of criminology.Include the chromosome theory and the gender ratio problem.

______________ School is an approach to criminal justice theory that stresses the application of scientific techniques to the study of crime and criminals.

Postmodern criminology is a branch of criminology that developed after World War II and that builds on the tenets of postmodern social thought.

Modern criminology is a perspective that holds that crime-control agencies and the citizens they serve should work together to alleviate social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime.

A psychopath is a person with a personality disorder,especially one manifested in aggressively antisocial behavior,which is often said to be the result of a poorly developed superego.

Broken windows theory is a perspective on crime causation that holds that the physical deterioration of an area leads to higher crime rates and an increased concern for personal safety among residents.

Which of the following is a sociological approach that emphasizes demographics and geographics,and that characterizes delinquency areas as a major cause of criminality and victimization?

Compare and contrast the Restraint Theories.Include analysis on the Labeling,Containment,and Social Control theories.