Question 1

One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of organisms.These profiles provide direct information about

Accepted Answer

A) enzymatic activities. 
B) protein composition. 
C) the presence of specific genes. 
D) antigenic composition. 
E) the similarities between nucleotide sequences. 
A) enzymatic activities. 
B) protein composition. 
C) the presence of specific genes. 
D) antigenic composition. 
E) the similarities between nucleotide sequences. E

Question 2

When building a cladogram,the length of the horizontal branch is based on the calculated percent similarity between organisms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences,you can conclude that they

Accepted Answer

A) live in the same place. 
B) evolved from a common ancestor. 
C) will have different G-C ratios. 
D) will both ferment lactose. 
E) mated with each other. 
A) live in the same place. 
B) evolved from a common ancestor. 
C) will have different G-C ratios. 
D) will both ferment lactose. 
E) mated with each other. B

Question 4

Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative coccus.

Accepted Answer

A) Neisseria 
B) Pseudomonas 
C) Staphylococcus 
D) Streptococcus 
E) Micrococcus 
A) Neisseria 
B) Pseudomonas 
C) Staphylococcus 
D) Streptococcus 
E) Micrococcus

Question 5

Table 10.2
  
-Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative cell that ferments lactose and uses citric acid as its sole carbon source.

Accepted Answer

A) Citrobacter 
B) Escherichia 
C) Lactobacillus 
D) Pseudomonas 
E) Staphylococcus 
A) Citrobacter 
B) Escherichia 
C) Lactobacillus 
D) Pseudomonas 
E) Staphylococcus

Question 6

Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?

Accepted Answer

A) Animalia 
B) Fungi 
C) Plantae 
D) Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria) 
E) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria) 
A) Animalia 
B) Fungi 
C) Plantae 
D) Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria) 
E) Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)

Question 7

Table 10.3
  $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $ $\quad $Organism 
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Characteristic } & \underline { \mathbf { A } } & \underline { \mathbf { B } } & \underline { \mathbf { C } } & \underline { \mathbf { C } } & \underline { \mathbf { E } } \
\hline \text { Morphology } & \text { Rod } & \text { Rod } & \text { Coccus } & \text { Coccus } & \text { Rod } \
\hline \text { Motile } & \text { Yes } & \text { Yes } & \text { No } & \text { No } & \text { Yes } \
\hline \text { Gram Reaction } & - & - & + & - & - \
\hline \text { Gllucose Utilization } & \text { Oxid. } & \text { Ferm. } & \text { Ferm. } & \text { Ferm. } & \text { None } \
\hline \% \text { G+C } & 58 - 70 & 50 - 51 & 30 - 40 & 47 - 52 & 58 - 70 \
\hline \text { Cytochrome oxidase } & \text { Present } & \text { Absent } & \text { Absent } & \text { Present } & \text { Present } \
\hline
\end{array}$$ 
Use the information given in Table 10.3 to answer the following questions.Which organisms are most closely related? On what did you base your answer? DNA from which organisms will probably hybridize?

Accepted Answer

Based on the information provided in Tab

Question 8

When performing phage typing to identify an unknown bacterium,you must have ________ in your possession.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA that will hybridize to the DNA of the bacterium to be identified 
B) RNA that will hybridize to the RNA of the bacterium to be identified 
C) antiserum containing antibodies that will bind to the bacterium to be identified 
D) fluorescent molecules that will light up when bound to the DNA of the bacterium 
E) viruses that will specifically infect the bacterium you're trying to identify 
A) DNA that will hybridize to the DNA of the bacterium to be identified 
B) RNA that will hybridize to the RNA of the bacterium to be identified 
C) antiserum containing antibodies that will bind to the bacterium to be identified 
D) fluorescent molecules that will light up when bound to the DNA of the bacterium 
E) viruses that will specifically infect the bacterium you're trying to identify

Question 9

A biochemical test,in the microbiology world,is used to determine

Accepted Answer

A) staining characteristics. 
B) amino acid sequences of enzymes. 
C) nucleic acid-base composition of DNA sequences. 
D) capability of a microbe to perform a specific enzymatic activity. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) staining characteristics. 
B) amino acid sequences of enzymes. 
C) nucleic acid-base composition of DNA sequences. 
D) capability of a microbe to perform a specific enzymatic activity. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that pure cultures are not needed.Why is a pure culture necessary for biochemical tests such as the Enterotube,but not for DNA probes?

Accepted Answer

A pure culture is necessary for biochemi

Question 11

Figure 10.4  
In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4,which two organisms are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A) Streptomyces and Micrococcus 
B) Micrococcus and Mycobacterium 
C) Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus 
D) Streptomyces and Lactobacillus 
E) Streptomyces and Mycobacterium 
A) Streptomyces and Micrococcus 
B) Micrococcus and Mycobacterium 
C) Mycobacterium and Lactobacillus 
D) Streptomyces and Lactobacillus 
E) Streptomyces and Mycobacterium

Question 12

Figure 10.1
  
-In Figure 10.1,species "c." is most closely related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 13

Pure cultures of the same species are not always identical in all ways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Into which group would you place a multicellular heterotroph with chitin cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A) Animalia 
B) Archaea 
C) Bacteria 
D) Fungi 
E) Plantae 
A) Animalia 
B) Archaea 
C) Bacteria 
D) Fungi 
E) Plantae

Question 15

Chloroplasts possess circular DNA and reproduce by binary fission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

How are a Southern blot and fluorescent in situ hybridization similar and different from each other? What are the pros and cons of each method for identification of microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Southern blot and fluorescent in situ hy

Question 17

Figure 10.1
  
-In Figure 10.1,the closest ancestor for both species "a." and species "b." would be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 18

Bacteria and Archaea are similar in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) peptidoglycan cell walls 
B) methionine as the start signal for protein synthesis 
C) sensitivity to antibiotics 
D) considered prokaryotic cells 
E) plasma membrane ester linkage 
A) peptidoglycan cell walls 
B) methionine as the start signal for protein synthesis 
C) sensitivity to antibiotics 
D) considered prokaryotic cells 
E) plasma membrane ester linkage

Question 19

The cell membranes of all three domains are composed of straight carbon chains attached to
glycerol by ester linkage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Figure 10.5
   
Choose one of the phylogenetic schemes in Figure 10.5 and explain why you feel it is preferable to the others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 10.5
   
Choose one of...

Exam 10: Classification of Microorganisms

One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of organisms.These profiles provide direct information about

When building a cladogram,the length of the horizontal branch is based on the calculated percent similarity between organisms.

If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences,you can conclude that they

Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative coccus.

Table 10.2 -Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative cell that ferments lactose and uses citric acid as its sole carbon source.

Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?

When performing phage typing to identify an unknown bacterium,you must have ________ in your possession.

A biochemical test,in the microbiology world,is used to determine

One of the advantages of some newly developed rapid identification tools is that pure cultures are not needed.Why is a pure culture necessary for biochemical tests such as the Enterotube,but not for DNA probes?

Figure 10.4 In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4,which two organisms are most closely related?

Figure 10.1 -In Figure 10.1,species "c." is most closely related to which of the following?

Pure cultures of the same species are not always identical in all ways.

Into which group would you place a multicellular heterotroph with chitin cell walls?

Chloroplasts possess circular DNA and reproduce by binary fission.

How are a Southern blot and fluorescent in situ hybridization similar and different from each other? What are the pros and cons of each method for identification of microorganisms?

Figure 10.1 -In Figure 10.1,the closest ancestor for both species "a." and species "b." would be which of the following?

Bacteria and Archaea are similar in which of the following?

The cell membranes of all three domains are composed of straight carbon chains attached to glycerol by ester linkage.

Figure 10.5 Choose one of the phylogenetic schemes in Figure 10.5 and explain why you feel it is preferable to the others.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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