Question 1

Figure 5.8
  
-In Figure 5.8,the structure labeled "1" is

Accepted Answer

A) NAD⁺. 
B) ATP synthase. 
C) a plasma membrane. 
D) a cell wall. 
E) cytoplasm. 
A) NAD⁺. 
B) ATP synthase. 
C) a plasma membrane. 
D) a cell wall. 
E) cytoplasm. C

Question 2

You look in the refrigerator and find some orange drink you had forgotten was there.The drink now has an "off" taste and bubbles.What is the most likely explanation for the changes in the drink?

Accepted Answer

The most likely explanation for the changes in the orange drink is that it has undergone fermentation. The "off" taste and the presence of bubbles suggest that yeast or bacteria have contaminated the drink and have been metabolizing the sugars present in the orange drink, producing alcohol and carbon dioxide as byproducts. This process is similar to what happens when fruit juices are intentionally fermented to produce alcoholic beverages like cider or wine.

Over time, especially if the drink was not stored properly or was past its expiration date, microorganisms can enter and proliferate within the liquid. These microorganisms feed on the sugars, and as they digest them, they produce various compounds that can alter the flavor of the drink, leading to an "off" or sour taste. The production of carbon dioxide gas is what causes the formation of bubbles, giving the drink a fizzy appearance.

It is important to note that consuming a fermented drink that was not intended to be fermented can be risky, as it may also contain harmful bacteria or produce toxins. Therefore, it is generally advisable to discard any food or beverage that shows signs of unintended fermentation or spoilage.

Question 3

Insert non-labeled graph from page 150- replica created and inserted below  
The graph shows the normal reaction rate of an enzyme and the reaction rate when a competitive inhibitor is present.Which description below explains the appearance of the graph?

Accepted Answer

A) As the substrate concentration increases,the activity of the enzyme decreases. 
B) As the substrate concentration increases,the effect of the inhibitor was overcome and enzyme activity was restored. 
C) As the enzyme concentration increased,the effect of the inhibitor was overcome and enzyme activity was restored. 
D) As the enzyme concentration increased,the effect of the inhibitor was more pronounced. 
E) As the competitive inhibitor concentration decreased,the reaction rate also decreased. 
A) As the substrate concentration increases,the activity of the enzyme decreases. 
B) As the substrate concentration increases,the effect of the inhibitor was overcome and enzyme activity was restored. 
C) As the enzyme concentration increased,the effect of the inhibitor was overcome and enzyme activity was restored. 
D) As the enzyme concentration increased,the effect of the inhibitor was more pronounced. 
E) As the competitive inhibitor concentration decreased,the reaction rate also decreased. B

Question 4

In non-cyclic photophosphorylation,excited electrons ultimately

Accepted Answer

A) return to chlorophyll. 
B) are used to form water. 
C) combine with hydrogen ions and NADP+ to produce NADPH. 
D) flow through ATP synthase. 
E) generate light within the spectrum of green wavelengths. 
A) return to chlorophyll. 
B) are used to form water. 
C) combine with hydrogen ions and NADP+ to produce NADPH. 
D) flow through ATP synthase. 
E) generate light within the spectrum of green wavelengths.

Question 5

Figure 5.8
  
-In Figure 5.8,where is ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 6

Summarize energy production in cells in a single sentence.

Accepted Answer

Energy production in cells pri

Question 7

A bacterium such as Pseudomonas uses nitrate as a final electron acceptor in an electron transport system.All the below statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the process does not yield as much ATP. 
B) they can respire without O₂. 
C) they require light. 
D) the process produces nitrite ion. 
E) the process requires an electron donor. 
A) the process does not yield as much ATP. 
B) they can respire without O₂. 
C) they require light. 
D) the process produces nitrite ion. 
E) the process requires an electron donor.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. 
B) The complete Krebs cycle is utilized. 
C) It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor. 
D) It generates ATP. 
E) It requires cytochromes. 
A) It yields lower amounts of ATP when compared to aerobic respiration. 
B) The complete Krebs cycle is utilized. 
C) It involves the reduction of an organic final electron acceptor. 
D) It generates ATP. 
E) It requires cytochromes.

Question 9

Carbon fixation occurs during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Cyanobacteria are a type of

Accepted Answer

A) chemoautotroph. 
B) chemoheterotroph. 
C) photoautotroph. 
D) photoheterotroph. 
A) chemoautotroph. 
B) chemoheterotroph. 
C) photoautotroph. 
D) photoheterotroph.

Question 11

Which biochemical process is NOT used during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A) substrate-level phosphorylation 
B) oxidation-reduction 
C) carbohydrate catabolism 
D) beta oxidation 
E) enzymatic reactions 
A) substrate-level phosphorylation 
B) oxidation-reduction 
C) carbohydrate catabolism 
D) beta oxidation 
E) enzymatic reactions

Question 12

Figure 5.7  
-The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature.Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d

Question 13

Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Light liberates an electron from chlorophyll. 
B) The oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy. 
C) Energy from oxidation reactions is used to generate ATP from ADP. 
D) It requires CO₂. 
E) It occurs in photosynthesizing cells. 
A) Light liberates an electron from chlorophyll. 
B) The oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy. 
C) Energy from oxidation reactions is used to generate ATP from ADP. 
D) It requires CO₂. 
E) It occurs in photosynthesizing cells.

Question 14

All of the following are required in the reactions of microbial respiration EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) electron transport system. 
B) cytochromes. 
C) a source of electrons. 
D) oxygen. 
E) final electron acceptor. 
A) electron transport system. 
B) cytochromes. 
C) a source of electrons. 
D) oxygen. 
E) final electron acceptor.

Question 15

Figure 5.6  
-The rates of O₂ and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6.Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O₂.Then O₂ was added at the time marked X.The data indicate that

Accepted Answer

A) these bacteria don't use O₂. 
B) these bacteria get more energy anaerobically. 
C) aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation. 
D) these bacteria cannot grow anaerobically. 
A) these bacteria don't use O₂. 
B) these bacteria get more energy anaerobically. 
C) aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation. 
D) these bacteria cannot grow anaerobically.

Question 16

A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase.The bacteria are most likely

Accepted Answer

A) fermenting the glucose. 
B) oxidizing the glucose. 
C) using the peptides. 
D) not growing. 
A) fermenting the glucose. 
B) oxidizing the glucose. 
C) using the peptides. 
D) not growing.

Question 17

Both respiration and photosynthesis require the use of an electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The pentose phosphate pathway can be characterized as an anabolic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Figure 5.4  
-How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) fermentation 
C) photophosphorylation 
D) oxidative phosphorylation 
E) substrate-level phosphorylation 
A) glycolysis 
B) fermentation 
C) photophosphorylation 
D) oxidative phosphorylation 
E) substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 20

Increasing the temperature of a reaction will do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) increase the reaction rate. 
B) increase the number of molecules attaining activation energy. 
C) increase the number of molecular collisions. 
D) increase the activation energy. 
E) increase kinetic energy of the molecules. 
A) increase the reaction rate. 
B) increase the number of molecules attaining activation energy. 
C) increase the number of molecular collisions. 
D) increase the activation energy. 
E) increase kinetic energy of the molecules.

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

Figure 5.8 -In Figure 5.8,the structure labeled "1" is

You look in the refrigerator and find some orange drink you had forgotten was there.The drink now has an "off" taste and bubbles.What is the most likely explanation for the changes in the drink?

Insert non-labeled graph from page 150- replica created and inserted below The graph shows the normal reaction rate of an enzyme and the reaction rate when a competitive inhibitor is present.Which description below explains the appearance of the graph?

In non-cyclic photophosphorylation,excited electrons ultimately

Figure 5.8 -In Figure 5.8,where is ATP produced?

Summarize energy production in cells in a single sentence.

A bacterium such as Pseudomonas uses nitrate as a final electron acceptor in an electron transport system.All the below statements are true EXCEPT

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is FALSE?

Carbon fixation occurs during the light-independent phase of photosynthesis.

Cyanobacteria are a type of

Which biochemical process is NOT used during glycolysis?

Figure 5.7 -The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature.Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature?

Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is FALSE?

All of the following are required in the reactions of microbial respiration EXCEPT

Figure 5.6 -The rates of O₂ and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6.Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O₂.Then O₂ was added at the time marked X.The data indicate that

A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase.The bacteria are most likely

Both respiration and photosynthesis require the use of an electron transport chain.

The pentose phosphate pathway can be characterized as an anabolic pathway.

Figure 5.4 -How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4?

Increasing the temperature of a reaction will do all of the following EXCEPT

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Filters