Question 1

The power to make choices and engage in actions that originate with ourselves is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) Free will. 
B) Objectivism. 
C) Determination. 
D) Predetermination. 
A) Free will. 
B) Objectivism. 
C) Determination. 
D) Predetermination. A

Question 2

While ample scientific research supports the existence of variables that potentially limit free will,there is very little (if any)real empirical evidence that human beings have free will.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Briefly discuss the ways in which the cases of Susan Smith and Andrea Yates illustrate the debate concerning free will,determinism,and moral/legal responsibility.

Accepted Answer

Should briefly summarize the cases of Susan Smith and Andrea Yates,both of whom killed their children.More importantly,responses should discuss the ways in which one or both cases can be linked to the ongoing debate between free will and determinism and its implications for moral and criminal responsibility and punishment/treatment. Specifically,answers might comment upon the possibility of mental illness limiting freedom and,thus,responsibility.

Question 4

Self-defense and defense of others would be considered:

Accepted Answer

A) Mitigating circumstances. 
B) Justifications for criminal conduct. 
C) Excuses for criminal conduct. 
D) Defensible prohibitions. 
A) Mitigating circumstances. 
B) Justifications for criminal conduct. 
C) Excuses for criminal conduct. 
D) Defensible prohibitions.

Question 5

If we argued that a person's decision to rob a bank was motivated by an unconscious desire to be punished for her previous sins,we would be making a deterministic argument.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A four-year-old child who shoots and kills another child would be considered culpable for her or his actions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Research on rhesus monkeys that were abused or neglected as children suggests that,as adults,they were more likely to be abusive themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Modern-day determinism tends to be based in:

Accepted Answer

A) Religious teachings. 
B) Science. 
C) The idea of predestination. 
D) Intentionalism. 
A) Religious teachings. 
B) Science. 
C) The idea of predestination. 
D) Intentionalism.

Question 9

Moral responsibility or blameworthiness that attaches to persons who freely and knowingly engage in wrongful actions is sometimes referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) Causality. 
B) Culpability. 
C) Mitigation. 
D) Legal cause. 
A) Causality. 
B) Culpability. 
C) Mitigation. 
D) Legal cause.

Question 10

The notion that every event has a cause is the central premise underlying:

Accepted Answer

A) Relativism. 
B) Determinism. 
C) Minimalism. 
D) Instrumentalism. 
A) Relativism. 
B) Determinism. 
C) Minimalism. 
D) Instrumentalism.

Question 11

Identifying and incapacitating people we believe to be at high risk for future criminal activity before they have had the opportunity to commit those future criminal acts is a practice referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) Deterrence. 
B) Selective incapacitation. 
C) Risk avoidance. 
D) Psychological determinism. 
A) Deterrence. 
B) Selective incapacitation. 
C) Risk avoidance. 
D) Psychological determinism.

Question 12

Which of the following,though only in its infancy,may be the future standard for detecting dishonesty in police departments and courtrooms?

Accepted Answer

A) Polygraph 
B) Brain fingerprinting 
C) "Pleasure machines" 
D) Mirror neuron modulators 
A) Polygraph 
B) Brain fingerprinting 
C) "Pleasure machines" 
D) Mirror neuron modulators

Question 13

To show that a given action is determined,we need to be able to give concrete empirical evidence that a single,identifiable factor caused it to happen (i.e."A caused B").

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is discussed in your text as a possible causal factor in the higher rates of aggression and violence we find in geographical areas that are the most heavily crowded?

Accepted Answer

A) Territoriality 
B) Pollution 
C) Child abuse and neglect 
D) Selective incapacitation 
A) Territoriality 
B) Pollution 
C) Child abuse and neglect 
D) Selective incapacitation

Question 15

The claim that our thoughts,feelings,and behaviors are determined by influences such as climate and population density that act upon us from outside of our minds and bodies would be consistent with the notion of external determinism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If human beings are,by nature,hedonistic then we naturally seek:

Accepted Answer

A) Friendship. 
B) Pleasure. 
C) Belonging. 
D) Love. 
A) Friendship. 
B) Pleasure. 
C) Belonging. 
D) Love.

Question 17

If you were to argue that although a person with an IQ of 60 cannot be a world-renown physicist,s/he still has the freedom to choose within limits of what is physically,psychologically,and socially possible,you would be presenting which of the following positions?

Accepted Answer

A) Soft determinism 
B) Hard determinism 
C) The feeling of freedom 
D) Hedonism 
A) Soft determinism 
B) Hard determinism 
C) The feeling of freedom 
D) Hedonism

Question 18

Which of the following refers to circumstances (e.g. ,presence of mental illness)surrounding a criminal event that reduce,but do not eliminate,moral responsibility and the severity of punishment imposed:

Accepted Answer

A) Omissive circumstances. 
B) Mitigating circumstances. 
C) Justifications. 
D) Criminal nullification. 
A) Omissive circumstances. 
B) Mitigating circumstances. 
C) Justifications. 
D) Criminal nullification.

Question 19

Which of the following is sometimes held to be the only "event" for which there is no cause?

Accepted Answer

A) Free will 
B) Emotions 
C) Viruses 
D) Moral character 
A) Free will 
B) Emotions 
C) Viruses 
D) Moral character

Question 20

Briefly discuss the implications of the debate between free will and determinism for treatment,punishment,and policy within criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

Should discuss a link between free will

The power to make choices and engage in actions that originate with ourselves is referred to as:

While ample scientific research supports the existence of variables that potentially limit free will,there is very little (if any)real empirical evidence that human beings have free will.

Briefly discuss the ways in which the cases of Susan Smith and Andrea Yates illustrate the debate concerning free will,determinism,and moral/legal responsibility.

Self-defense and defense of others would be considered:

If we argued that a person's decision to rob a bank was motivated by an unconscious desire to be punished for her previous sins,we would be making a deterministic argument.

A four-year-old child who shoots and kills another child would be considered culpable for her or his actions.

Research on rhesus monkeys that were abused or neglected as children suggests that,as adults,they were more likely to be abusive themselves.

Modern-day determinism tends to be based in:

Moral responsibility or blameworthiness that attaches to persons who freely and knowingly engage in wrongful actions is sometimes referred to as:

The notion that every event has a cause is the central premise underlying:

Identifying and incapacitating people we believe to be at high risk for future criminal activity before they have had the opportunity to commit those future criminal acts is a practice referred to as:

Which of the following,though only in its infancy,may be the future standard for detecting dishonesty in police departments and courtrooms?

To show that a given action is determined,we need to be able to give concrete empirical evidence that a single,identifiable factor caused it to happen (i.e."A caused B").

Which of the following is discussed in your text as a possible causal factor in the higher rates of aggression and violence we find in geographical areas that are the most heavily crowded?

The claim that our thoughts,feelings,and behaviors are determined by influences such as climate and population density that act upon us from outside of our minds and bodies would be consistent with the notion of external determinism.

If human beings are,by nature,hedonistic then we naturally seek:

If you were to argue that although a person with an IQ of 60 cannot be a world-renown physicist,s/he still has the freedom to choose within limits of what is physically,psychologically,and socially possible,you would be presenting which of the following positions?

Which of the following refers to circumstances (e.g. ,presence of mental illness)surrounding a criminal event that reduce,but do not eliminate,moral responsibility and the severity of punishment imposed:

Which of the following is sometimes held to be the only "event" for which there is no cause?

Briefly discuss the implications of the debate between free will and determinism for treatment,punishment,and policy within criminal justice.

Criminal Justice and the Study of Morality

Choices,Values,and Ethics

Is Morality Relative the Variability of Norms and Values

Why Should We Be Good

Morality,Human Nature,and Social Cooperation

Becoming Ethical: The Development of Morality

Means and Ends: The Importance of Consequences

Respecting Persons, Respecting Rights: The Ethics of Duty

The Virtuous and the Vicious: Considering Character

Filters

Exam 3: Free Will and Moral Responsibility

The power to make choices and engage in actions that originate with ourselves is referred to as:

While ample scientific research supports the existence of variables that potentially limit free will,there is very little (if any)real empirical evidence that human beings have free will.

Briefly discuss the ways in which the cases of Susan Smith and Andrea Yates illustrate the debate concerning free will,determinism,and moral/legal responsibility.

Self-defense and defense of others would be considered:

If we argued that a person's decision to rob a bank was motivated by an unconscious desire to be punished for her previous sins,we would be making a deterministic argument.

A four-year-old child who shoots and kills another child would be considered culpable for her or his actions.

Research on rhesus monkeys that were abused or neglected as children suggests that,as adults,they were more likely to be abusive themselves.

Modern-day determinism tends to be based in:

Moral responsibility or blameworthiness that attaches to persons who freely and knowingly engage in wrongful actions is sometimes referred to as:

The notion that every event has a cause is the central premise underlying:

Identifying and incapacitating people we believe to be at high risk for future criminal activity before they have had the opportunity to commit those future criminal acts is a practice referred to as:

Which of the following,though only in its infancy,may be the future standard for detecting dishonesty in police departments and courtrooms?

To show that a given action is determined,we need to be able to give concrete empirical evidence that a single,identifiable factor caused it to happen (i.e."A caused B").

Which of the following is discussed in your text as a possible causal factor in the higher rates of aggression and violence we find in geographical areas that are the most heavily crowded?

The claim that our thoughts,feelings,and behaviors are determined by influences such as climate and population density that act upon us from outside of our minds and bodies would be consistent with the notion of external determinism.

If human beings are,by nature,hedonistic then we naturally seek:

If you were to argue that although a person with an IQ of 60 cannot be a world-renown physicist,s/he still has the freedom to choose within limits of what is physically,psychologically,and socially possible,you would be presenting which of the following positions?

Which of the following refers to circumstances (e.g. ,presence of mental illness)surrounding a criminal event that reduce,but do not eliminate,moral responsibility and the severity of punishment imposed:

Which of the following is sometimes held to be the only "event" for which there is no cause?

Briefly discuss the implications of the debate between free will and determinism for treatment,punishment,and policy within criminal justice.

Criminal Justice and the Study of Morality

Choices,Values,and Ethics

Is Morality Relative the Variability of Norms and Values

Why Should We Be Good

Morality,Human Nature,and Social Cooperation

Becoming Ethical: The Development of Morality

Means and Ends: The Importance of Consequences

Respecting Persons, Respecting Rights: The Ethics of Duty

The Virtuous and the Vicious: Considering Character

Filters