Question 1

What clinical manifestation(s) is associated with calcium depletion (hypocalcemia)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nausea, vomiting 
B)  Weakness, fatigue 
C)  Muscle hypotonicity 
D)  Neuromuscular irritability 
A)  Nausea, vomiting 
B)  Weakness, fatigue 
C)  Muscle hypotonicity 
D)  Neuromuscular irritability D

Question 2

What laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased hematocrit 
B)  High serum osmolality 
C)  High urine specific gravity 
D)  Increased blood urea nitrogen 
A)  Decreased hematocrit 
B)  High serum osmolality 
C)  High urine specific gravity 
D)  Increased blood urea nitrogen A

Question 3

Prevention of burn injury is important anticipatory guidance. In the infant and toddler period, which mode is the most common cause of burn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Matches 
B)  Electrical cords 
C)  Hot liquids in the kitchen 
D)  Microwave-heated foods 
A)  Matches 
B)  Electrical cords 
C)  Hot liquids in the kitchen 
D)  Microwave-heated foods C

Question 4

What is the most immediate threat to life in children with thermal injuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shock 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Local infection 
D)  Systemic sepsis 
A)  Shock 
B)  Anemia 
C)  Local infection 
D)  Systemic sepsis

Question 5

The nurse determines that a child's intravenous infusion has infiltrated. The infused solution is a vesicant. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stop the infusion and apply ice. 
B)  End the infusion and notify the practitioner. 
C)  Slow the infusion rate and notify the practitioner. 
D)  Discontinue the infusion and apply warm compresses. 
A)  Stop the infusion and apply ice. 
B)  End the infusion and notify the practitioner. 
C)  Slow the infusion rate and notify the practitioner. 
D)  Discontinue the infusion and apply warm compresses.

Question 6

After the acute stage and during the healing process, what is the primary complication from burn injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shock 
B)  Asphyxia 
C)  Infection 
D)  Renal shutdown 
A)  Shock 
B)  Asphyxia 
C)  Infection 
D)  Renal shutdown

Question 7

MATCHING
Match the type of skin graft to its definition.

-Skin that is obtained from genetically different members of the same species who are free of disease

Accepted Answer

A) Allografts 
B) Xenografts 
C) Autografts 
D) Isografts 
A) Allografts 
B) Xenografts 
C) Autografts 
D) Isografts

Question 8

Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which signs or symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperreflexia 
B)  Abdominal cramps 
C)  Cardiac dysrhythmias 
D)  Dry, sticky mucous membranes 
A)  Hyperreflexia 
B)  Abdominal cramps 
C)  Cardiac dysrhythmias 
D)  Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Question 9

What clinical manifestations should be observed in a 2-year-old child with hypotonic dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Thick, doughy feel to the skin 
B)  Slightly moist mucous membranes 
C)  Absent tears 
D)  Very rapid pulse 
E)  Hyperirritability 
A)  Thick, doughy feel to the skin 
B)  Slightly moist mucous membranes 
C)  Absent tears 
D)  Very rapid pulse 
E)  Hyperirritability

Question 10

What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurogenic shock 
B)  Cardiogenic shock 
C)  Hypovolemic shock 
D)  Anaphylactic shock 
A)  Neurogenic shock 
B)  Cardiogenic shock 
C)  Hypovolemic shock 
D)  Anaphylactic shock

Question 11

The nurse is teaching the family of a child with a long-term central venous access device about signs and symptoms of bacteremia. What finding indicates the presence of bacteremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypertension 
B)  Pain at the entry site 
C)  Fever and general malaise 
D)  Redness and swelling at the entry site 
A)  Hypertension 
B)  Pain at the entry site 
C)  Fever and general malaise 
D)  Redness and swelling at the entry site

Question 12

Nurses should be alert for increased fluid requirements in which circumstance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever 
B)  Mechanical ventilation 
C)  Congestive heart failure 
D)  Increased intracranial pressure 
A)  Fever 
B)  Mechanical ventilation 
C)  Congestive heart failure 
D)  Increased intracranial pressure

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a child with hypercalcemia. The nurse evaluates the child for which signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetany 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Constipation 
D)  Laryngospasm 
E)  Muscle hypotonicity 
A)  Tetany 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Constipation 
D)  Laryngospasm 
E)  Muscle hypotonicity

Question 14

What is the purpose of a high-protein diet for a child with major burns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Promote growth 
B)  Improve appetite 
C)  Minimize protein breakdown 
D)  Diminish risk of stress-induced hyperglycemia 
A)  Promote growth 
B)  Improve appetite 
C)  Minimize protein breakdown 
D)  Diminish risk of stress-induced hyperglycemia

Question 15

The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. What clinical manifestation is suggestive of water intoxication?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oliguria 
B)  Weight loss 
C)  Irritability and seizures 
D)  Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias 
A)  Oliguria 
B)  Weight loss 
C)  Irritability and seizures 
D)  Muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 16

The nurse is caring for an 18-month-old child with rotavirus. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe abdominal cramping and bloody diarrhea 
B)  Mild fever and vomiting followed by onset of watery stools 
C)  Colicky abdominal pain and vomiting 
D)  High fever, diarrhea, and lethargy 
A)  Severe abdominal cramping and bloody diarrhea 
B)  Mild fever and vomiting followed by onset of watery stools 
C)  Colicky abdominal pain and vomiting 
D)  High fever, diarrhea, and lethargy

Question 17

What physiologic state(s) produces the clinical manifestations of nervous system stimulation and excitement, such as overexcitability, nervousness, and tetany?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
D)  Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis 
A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic and respiratory acidosis 
D)  Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis

Question 18

The nurse suspects shock in a child 1 day after surgery. What should be the initial nursing action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Place the child on a cardiac monitor. 
B)  Obtain arterial blood gases. 
C)  Provide supplemental oxygen. 
D)  Put the child in the Trendelenburg position. 
A)  Place the child on a cardiac monitor. 
B)  Obtain arterial blood gases. 
C)  Provide supplemental oxygen. 
D)  Put the child in the Trendelenburg position.

Question 19

What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased surface area 
B)  Lower metabolic rate 
C)  Immature kidney functioning 
D)  Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid 
A)  Decreased surface area 
B)  Lower metabolic rate 
C)  Immature kidney functioning 
D)  Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid

Question 20

What is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sepsis 
B)  Blood loss 
C)  Anaphylaxis 
D)  Heart failure 
A)  Sepsis 
B)  Blood loss 
C)  Anaphylaxis 
D)  Heart failure

Exam 24: The Child with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

What clinical manifestation(s) is associated with calcium depletion (hypocalcemia)?

What laboratory finding should the nurse expect in a child with an excess of water?

Prevention of burn injury is important anticipatory guidance. In the infant and toddler period, which mode is the most common cause of burn?

What is the most immediate threat to life in children with thermal injuries?

The nurse determines that a child's intravenous infusion has infiltrated. The infused solution is a vesicant. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

After the acute stage and during the healing process, what is the primary complication from burn injury?

MATCHING Match the type of skin graft to its definition. -Skin that is obtained from genetically different members of the same species who are free of disease

Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which signs or symptoms?

What clinical manifestations should be observed in a 2-year-old child with hypotonic dehydration? (Select all that apply.)

What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?

The nurse is teaching the family of a child with a long-term central venous access device about signs and symptoms of bacteremia. What finding indicates the presence of bacteremia?

Nurses should be alert for increased fluid requirements in which circumstance?

The nurse is caring for a child with hypercalcemia. The nurse evaluates the child for which signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia? (Select all that apply.)

What is the purpose of a high-protein diet for a child with major burns?

The nurse suspects fluid overload in an infant receiving intravenous fluids. What clinical manifestation is suggestive of water intoxication?

The nurse is caring for an 18-month-old child with rotavirus. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?

What physiologic state(s) produces the clinical manifestations of nervous system stimulation and excitement, such as overexcitability, nervousness, and tetany?

The nurse suspects shock in a child 1 day after surgery. What should be the initial nursing action?

What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?

What is the most frequent cause of hypovolemic shock in children?

Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing

Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on Child Health Promotion

Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child and Family

Communication, Physical, and Developmental Assessment

Pain Assessment and Management in Children

Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases

Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family

Health Problems of Newborns

The High-Risk Newborn and Family

Health Promotion of the Infant and Family

Health Problems of the Infant

Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family

Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family

Health Problems of Early Childhood

Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family

Health Problems of the School-Age Child

Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family

Health Problems of the Adolescent

Family-Centered Care of the Child with Chronic Illness or Disability

Family-Centered Palliative Care

The Child with Cognitive, Sensory, or Communication Impairment

Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization

Pediatric Nursing Interventions and Skills

The Child with Renal Dysfunction

The Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

Overview of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange

The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction

The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic Dysfunction

The Child with Cancer

The Child with Cerebral Dysfunction

The Child with Endocrine Dysfunction

The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction

The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction

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