Question 1

When caring for a child with an intravenous (IV) infusion, what is an appropriate nursing action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Change the insertion site every 24 hours. 
B)  Check the insertion site frequently for signs of infiltration. 
C)  Use a macrodropper to facilitate reaching the prescribed flow rate. 
D)  Avoid restraining the child to prevent undue emotional stress. 
A)  Change the insertion site every 24 hours. 
B)  Check the insertion site frequently for signs of infiltration. 
C)  Use a macrodropper to facilitate reaching the prescribed flow rate. 
D)  Avoid restraining the child to prevent undue emotional stress.

Question 2

What type of diarrhea is associated with an inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa in the ileum and colon caused by infectious agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osmotic 
B)  Secretory 
C)  Cytotoxic 
D)  Dysenteric 
A)  Osmotic 
B)  Secretory 
C)  Cytotoxic 
D)  Dysenteric

Question 3

A school-age child with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration is being given oral rehydration solutions (ORS). The child's mother calls the clinic nurse because he is also occasionally vomiting. The nurse should recommend which intervention?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bring the child to the hospital for intravenous fluids. 
B)  Alternate giving ORS and carbonated drinks. 
C)  Continue to give ORS frequently in small amounts. 
D)  Keep child NPO (nothing by mouth) for 8 hours and resume ORS if vomiting has subsided. 
A)  Bring the child to the hospital for intravenous fluids. 
B)  Alternate giving ORS and carbonated drinks. 
C)  Continue to give ORS frequently in small amounts. 
D)  Keep child NPO (nothing by mouth) for 8 hours and resume ORS if vomiting has subsided.

Question 4

The presence of which pair of factors is a good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% in an infant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight loss and decreased heart rate 
B)  Capillary refill of less than 2 seconds and no tears 
C)  Increased skin elasticity and sunken anterior fontanel 
D)  Dry mucous membranes and generally ill appearance 
A)  Weight loss and decreased heart rate 
B)  Capillary refill of less than 2 seconds and no tears 
C)  Increased skin elasticity and sunken anterior fontanel 
D)  Dry mucous membranes and generally ill appearance

Question 5

What is the nursing action related to the applying of biologic or synthetic skin coverings for a child with partial-thickness burns of both legs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Splint the legs to prevent movement. 
B)  Observe wounds for signs of infection. 
C)  Monitor closely for manifestations of shock. 
D)  Examine dressings for indications of bleeding. 
A)  Splint the legs to prevent movement. 
B)  Observe wounds for signs of infection. 
C)  Monitor closely for manifestations of shock. 
D)  Examine dressings for indications of bleeding.

Question 6

A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated. The nurse is discussing the child's diet with the family. What food or beverage should be tolerated best?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clear fluids 
B)  Carbonated drinks 
C)  Applesauce and milk 
D)  Easily digested foods 
A)  Clear fluids 
B)  Carbonated drinks 
C)  Applesauce and milk 
D)  Easily digested foods

Question 7

Several types of long-term central venous access devices are used. What is a benefit of using an implanted port (e.g., Port-a-Cath)?

Accepted Answer

A)  You do not need to pierce the skin for access. 
B)  It is easy to use for self-administered infusions. 
C)  The patient does not need to limit regular physical activity, including swimming. 
D)  The catheter cannot dislodge from the port even if the child "plays" with the port site. 
A)  You do not need to pierce the skin for access. 
B)  It is easy to use for self-administered infusions. 
C)  The patient does not need to limit regular physical activity, including swimming. 
D)  The catheter cannot dislodge from the port even if the child "plays" with the port site.

Question 8

The nurse is teaching a group of female adolescents about toxic shock syndrome and the use of tampons. What statement by a participant indicates a need for additional teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I can alternate using a tampon and a sanitary napkin." 
B)  "I should wash my hands before inserting a tampon." 
C)  "I can use a superabsorbent tampon for more than 6 hours." 
D)  "I should call my health care provider if I suddenly develop a rash that looks like sunburn." 
A)  "I can alternate using a tampon and a sanitary napkin." 
B)  "I should wash my hands before inserting a tampon." 
C)  "I can use a superabsorbent tampon for more than 6 hours." 
D)  "I should call my health care provider if I suddenly develop a rash that looks like sunburn."

Question 9

What substance is released from the posterior pituitary gland and promotes water retention in the renal system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renin 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
A)  Renin 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Angiotensin 
D)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 10

What condition is often associated with severe diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis 
A)  Metabolic acidosis 
B)  Metabolic alkalosis 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

What organism is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella organisms 
B)  Salmonella organisms 
C)  Giardia lamblia 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Shigella organisms 
B)  Salmonella organisms 
C)  Giardia lamblia 
D)  Escherichia coli

Question 12

A child is admitted with extensive burns. The nurse notes burns on the child's lips and singed nasal hairs. The nurse should suspect what condition in the child?

Accepted Answer

A)  A chemical burn 
B)  A hot-water scald 
C)  An electrical burn 
D)  An inhalation injury 
A)  A chemical burn 
B)  A hot-water scald 
C)  An electrical burn 
D)  An inhalation injury

Question 13

MATCHING
Match the type of skin graft to its definition.

-Histocompatible tissue obtained from genetically identical individuals

Accepted Answer

A) Allografts 
B) Xenografts 
C) Autografts 
D) Isografts 
A) Allografts 
B) Xenografts 
C) Autografts 
D) Isografts

Question 14

An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water excess 
B)  Sodium excess 
C)  Water depletion 
D)  Potassium excess 
A)  Water excess 
B)  Sodium excess 
C)  Water depletion 
D)  Potassium excess

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a child with hypokalemia. The nurse evaluates the child for which signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Twitching 
B)  Hypotension 
C)  Hyperreflexia 
D)  Muscle weakness 
E)  Cardiac arrhythmias 
A)  Twitching 
B)  Hypotension 
C)  Hyperreflexia 
D)  Muscle weakness 
E)  Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 16

What consideration is important for the nurse when changing dressings and applying topical medication to a child's abdomen and leg burns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Apply topical medication with clean hands. 
B)  Wash hands and forearms before and after dressing change. 
C)  If dressings have adhered to the wound, soak in hot water before removal. 
D)  Apply dressing so that movement is limited during the healing process. 
A)  Apply topical medication with clean hands. 
B)  Wash hands and forearms before and after dressing change. 
C)  If dressings have adhered to the wound, soak in hot water before removal. 
D)  Apply dressing so that movement is limited during the healing process.

Question 17

A health care provider prescribes nitroprusside (Nipride), 1 mcg/kg/min in a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion for a child in shock. The child weighs 20 kg. The medication is available as nitroprusside 50 mg in 250 ml. The nurse prepares to calculate the rate. How many milliliters per hour will the nurse set the IV infusion pump to deliver 1 mcg/kg/min? Fill in the blank. Record your answer in a whole number.
________________

Accepted Answer

6
Follow the formula for dosage calculat

Question 18

What explains physiologically the edema formation that occurs with burns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Reduced capillary permeability 
C)  Increased capillary permeability 
D)  Diminished hydrostatic pressure within capillaries 
A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Reduced capillary permeability 
C)  Increased capillary permeability 
D)  Diminished hydrostatic pressure within capillaries

Question 19

The nurse is selecting a site to begin an intravenous infusion on a 2-year-old child. The superficial veins on his hand and arm are not readily visible. What intervention should increase the visibility of these veins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gently tap over the site. 
B)  Apply a cold compress to the site. 
C)  Raise the extremity above the level of the body. 
D)  Use a rubber band as a tourniquet for 5 minutes. 
A)  Gently tap over the site. 
B)  Apply a cold compress to the site. 
C)  Raise the extremity above the level of the body. 
D)  Use a rubber band as a tourniquet for 5 minutes.

Question 20

A 7-year-old child with acute diarrhea has been rehydrated with oral rehydration solution (ORS). The nurse should recommend that the child's diet be advanced to what kind of diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regular diet 
B)  Clear liquids 
C)  High carbohydrate diet 
D)  BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast or tea) diet 
A)  Regular diet 
B)  Clear liquids 
C)  High carbohydrate diet 
D)  BRAT (bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast or tea) diet

Exam 24: The Child with Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance

When caring for a child with an intravenous (IV) infusion, what is an appropriate nursing action?

What type of diarrhea is associated with an inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa in the ileum and colon caused by infectious agents?

A school-age child with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration is being given oral rehydration solutions (ORS). The child's mother calls the clinic nurse because he is also occasionally vomiting. The nurse should recommend which intervention?

The presence of which pair of factors is a good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% in an infant?

What is the nursing action related to the applying of biologic or synthetic skin coverings for a child with partial-thickness burns of both legs?

A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated. The nurse is discussing the child's diet with the family. What food or beverage should be tolerated best?

Several types of long-term central venous access devices are used. What is a benefit of using an implanted port (e.g., Port-a-Cath)?

The nurse is teaching a group of female adolescents about toxic shock syndrome and the use of tampons. What statement by a participant indicates a need for additional teaching?

What substance is released from the posterior pituitary gland and promotes water retention in the renal system?

What condition is often associated with severe diarrhea?

What organism is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

A child is admitted with extensive burns. The nurse notes burns on the child's lips and singed nasal hairs. The nurse should suspect what condition in the child?

MATCHING Match the type of skin graft to its definition. -Histocompatible tissue obtained from genetically identical individuals

An infant is brought to the emergency department with the following clinical manifestations: poor skin turgor, weight loss, lethargy, tachycardia, and tachypnea. This is suggestive of which situation?

The nurse is caring for a child with hypokalemia. The nurse evaluates the child for which signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)

What consideration is important for the nurse when changing dressings and applying topical medication to a child's abdomen and leg burns?

What explains physiologically the edema formation that occurs with burns?

The nurse is selecting a site to begin an intravenous infusion on a 2-year-old child. The superficial veins on his hand and arm are not readily visible. What intervention should increase the visibility of these veins?

A 7-year-old child with acute diarrhea has been rehydrated with oral rehydration solution (ORS). The nurse should recommend that the child's diet be advanced to what kind of diet?

Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing

Social, Cultural, Religious, and Family Influences on Child Health Promotion

Hereditary Influences on Health Promotion of the Child and Family

Communication, Physical, and Developmental Assessment

Pain Assessment and Management in Children

Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases

Health Promotion of the Newborn and Family

Health Problems of Newborns

The High-Risk Newborn and Family

Health Promotion of the Infant and Family

Health Problems of the Infant

Health Promotion of the Toddler and Family

Health Promotion of the Preschooler and Family

Health Problems of Early Childhood

Health Promotion of the School-Age Child and Family

Health Problems of the School-Age Child

Health Promotion of the Adolescent and Family

Health Problems of the Adolescent

Family-Centered Care of the Child with Chronic Illness or Disability

Family-Centered Palliative Care

The Child with Cognitive, Sensory, or Communication Impairment

Family-Centered Care of the Child During Illness and Hospitalization

Pediatric Nursing Interventions and Skills

The Child with Renal Dysfunction

The Child with Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

Overview of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Exchange

The Child with Respiratory Dysfunction

The Child with Cardiovascular Dysfunction

The Child with Hematologic or Immunologic Dysfunction

The Child with Cancer

The Child with Cerebral Dysfunction

The Child with Endocrine Dysfunction

The Child with Musculoskeletal or Articular Dysfunction

The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction

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