Question 1

Florence Nightingale

Accepted Answer

A) believed that men and women should occupy "separate spheres." 
B) believed that nursing needed a hierarchical structure. 
C) saw caring as inherently women's role. 
D) all of the above 
E) a and b only 
A) believed that men and women should occupy "separate spheres." 
B) believed that nursing needed a hierarchical structure. 
C) saw caring as inherently women's role. 
D) all of the above 
E) a and b only D

Question 2

Men who enter nursing

Accepted Answer

A) typically are held back by discrimination. 
B) cluster in less prestigious specialties. 
C) are overrepresented in emergency room work and underrepresented in pediatrics. 
D) tend to have had childhood problems with sexual identity. 
E) tend to have problems working under women. 
A) typically are held back by discrimination. 
B) cluster in less prestigious specialties. 
C) are overrepresented in emergency room work and underrepresented in pediatrics. 
D) tend to have had childhood problems with sexual identity. 
E) tend to have problems working under women. C

Question 3

Curanderos

Accepted Answer

A) typically train through apprenticeships. 
B) work primarily with young persons. 
C) do not recognize any western categories of disease. 
D) can legally bill insurance companies for their services. 
E) are sued for malpractice more often than are doctors. 
A) typically train through apprenticeships. 
B) work primarily with young persons. 
C) do not recognize any western categories of disease. 
D) can legally bill insurance companies for their services. 
E) are sued for malpractice more often than are doctors. A

Question 4

Which of the following have the highest status?

Accepted Answer

A) advanced practice nurses 
B) registered nurses 
C) licensed practical nurses 
D) diploma nurses 
E) nurses with bachelor's degrees 
A) advanced practice nurses 
B) registered nurses 
C) licensed practical nurses 
D) diploma nurses 
E) nurses with bachelor's degrees

Question 5

Currently, some chiropractors believe that

Accepted Answer

A) immunizations are unnecessary. 
B) they should serve as primary care providers. 
C) spinal manipulation can cure most health problems. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) immunizations are unnecessary. 
B) they should serve as primary care providers. 
C) spinal manipulation can cure most health problems. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 6

The history of osteopathy suggests how difficult it is to

Accepted Answer

A) move from being a marginal occupation to being a limited occupation. 
B) maintain an independent and unique identity while becoming a parallel profession. 
C) improve the educational standards of a field. 
D) gain legal recognition when a field has many female practitioners. 
E) gain legal recognition when a field lacks a scientific basis. 
A) move from being a marginal occupation to being a limited occupation. 
B) maintain an independent and unique identity while becoming a parallel profession. 
C) improve the educational standards of a field. 
D) gain legal recognition when a field has many female practitioners. 
E) gain legal recognition when a field lacks a scientific basis.

Question 7

What similarities and differences do you see between curanderos and acupuncturists in terms of who they serve, how they enter the field, and their current social and legal positions?

Accepted Answer

Curanderos and acupuncturists both serve

Question 8

In the early twentieth century,

Accepted Answer

A) nursing schools regarded student nurses as a cheap source of labor. 
B) student nurses spent long hours in classroom study. 
C) trained nurses found it easy to obtain paid employment. 
D) most nurses were black women. 
E) most nurses were immigrants. 
A) nursing schools regarded student nurses as a cheap source of labor. 
B) student nurses spent long hours in classroom study. 
C) trained nurses found it easy to obtain paid employment. 
D) most nurses were black women. 
E) most nurses were immigrants.

Question 9

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Dentists often work with acupuncturists. 
B) At the time when Medicare and Medicaid were first developed, the American Dental Association supported including dental coverage in those programs. 
C) Because insurance rarely covers dental care, dentists must spend even more time than doctors on paperwork. 
D) Dentists are considered by sociologists to be alternative practitioners. 
E) At the time when Medicare and Medicaid were first developed, the American Dental Association opposed including dental coverage in those programs. 
A) Dentists often work with acupuncturists. 
B) At the time when Medicare and Medicaid were first developed, the American Dental Association supported including dental coverage in those programs. 
C) Because insurance rarely covers dental care, dentists must spend even more time than doctors on paperwork. 
D) Dentists are considered by sociologists to be alternative practitioners. 
E) At the time when Medicare and Medicaid were first developed, the American Dental Association opposed including dental coverage in those programs.

Question 10

Sociologists consider nurses semi-professionals, rather than professionals, because

Accepted Answer

A) nurses have considerable autonomy, status, and training, but remain subordinate to doctors. 
B) most nurses have not attended college. 
C) the ethic of caring has kept nurses from pushing for professional status. 
D) women with high social status no longer typically enter nursing. 
E) nursing lacks a code of ethics. 
A) nurses have considerable autonomy, status, and training, but remain subordinate to doctors. 
B) most nurses have not attended college. 
C) the ethic of caring has kept nurses from pushing for professional status. 
D) women with high social status no longer typically enter nursing. 
E) nursing lacks a code of ethics.

Question 11

Which of the following meets the sociological definition of a profession?

Accepted Answer

A) advanced practice nursing 
B) chiropractic 
C) midwifery 
D) acupuncture 
E) none of the above 
A) advanced practice nursing 
B) chiropractic 
C) midwifery 
D) acupuncture 
E) none of the above

Question 12

Parents' decisions against vaccinating their children

Accepted Answer

A) have led to outbreaks of measles in the United States. 
B) reflect solid scientific evidence regarding the dangers of vaccination. 
C) are illegal across the United States. 
D) are often supported by acupuncturists. 
E) none of the above 
A) have led to outbreaks of measles in the United States. 
B) reflect solid scientific evidence regarding the dangers of vaccination. 
C) are illegal across the United States. 
D) are often supported by acupuncturists. 
E) none of the above

Question 13

In the early twentieth century, those nurses who fought to raise the status of nursing were hampered by

Accepted Answer

A) the ethic of caring and duty. 
B) women's lack of political power. 
C) ideas about women's proper role and character. 
D) all of the above 
E) a and b only 
A) the ethic of caring and duty. 
B) women's lack of political power. 
C) ideas about women's proper role and character. 
D) all of the above 
E) a and b only

Question 14

What factors make it easier for some mainstream health care occupations compared to others to approach or attain professional status? (Do not include alternative healers in your answer.)

Accepted Answer

Several factors contribute to making it

Question 15

Which of the following helped doctors gain control over childbirth?

Accepted Answer

A) Religious beliefs that women should suffer in childbirth. 
B) The growing belief that childbirth was a natural biological process. 
C) Popular prejudice against immigrants, women, and non-whites. 
D) Laws supporting allopathic medicine. 
E) Scientific evidence of the safety of doctor-assisted childbirth. 
A) Religious beliefs that women should suffer in childbirth. 
B) The growing belief that childbirth was a natural biological process. 
C) Popular prejudice against immigrants, women, and non-whites. 
D) Laws supporting allopathic medicine. 
E) Scientific evidence of the safety of doctor-assisted childbirth.

Question 16

Over the years, chiropractors have

Accepted Answer

A) improved their field's status by avoiding legal battles with the AMA. 
B) lost the ability to request reimbursement for their services from insurance programs. 
C) improved their status by increasing educational standards for entry into the field. 
D) a and b only 
E) all of the above 
A) improved their field's status by avoiding legal battles with the AMA. 
B) lost the ability to request reimbursement for their services from insurance programs. 
C) improved their status by increasing educational standards for entry into the field. 
D) a and b only 
E) all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Acupuncturists believe that illness can be cured by blocking chi. 
B) No scientific evidence supports the use of acupuncture. 
C) In most states, licensure laws forbid doctors from using acupuncture unless they have trained specifically in that field. 
D) Doctors have worked to strip acupuncture of its grounding in traditional Chinese medical philosophy. 
E) Acupuncturists work primarily with wealthy clients. 
A) Acupuncturists believe that illness can be cured by blocking chi. 
B) No scientific evidence supports the use of acupuncture. 
C) In most states, licensure laws forbid doctors from using acupuncture unless they have trained specifically in that field. 
D) Doctors have worked to strip acupuncture of its grounding in traditional Chinese medical philosophy. 
E) Acupuncturists work primarily with wealthy clients.

Question 18

Compare and contrast the fields of dentistry and osteopathy. What factors have allowed medicine to dominate osteopathy but not dentistry?

Accepted Answer

Dentistry and osteopathy are both fields

Question 19

When doctors first began medicalizing pregnancy, many women welcomed the change because it

Accepted Answer

A) offered guilt-free access to painkillers. 
B) was less expensive than midwifery care. 
C) was scientifically demonstrated to be safer than midwifery care. 
D) was less expensive than osteopathic care. 
E) allowed their husbands to participate in the process. 
A) offered guilt-free access to painkillers. 
B) was less expensive than midwifery care. 
C) was scientifically demonstrated to be safer than midwifery care. 
D) was less expensive than osteopathic care. 
E) allowed their husbands to participate in the process.

Question 20

To gain professional status, osteopaths

Accepted Answer

A) fought against licensure. 
B) increased educational requirements for becoming an osteopath. 
C) pushed for the legitimacy of spinal manipulation and refused to use drug treatments. 
D) fought against merger with allopathic medicine. 
E) sued the AMA for job discrimination. 
A) fought against licensure. 
B) increased educational requirements for becoming an osteopath. 
C) pushed for the legitimacy of spinal manipulation and refused to use drug treatments. 
D) fought against merger with allopathic medicine. 
E) sued the AMA for job discrimination.

Florence Nightingale

Men who enter nursing

Curanderos

Which of the following have the highest status?

Currently, some chiropractors believe that

The history of osteopathy suggests how difficult it is to

What similarities and differences do you see between curanderos and acupuncturists in terms of who they serve, how they enter the field, and their current social and legal positions?

In the early twentieth century,

Which of the following is true?

Sociologists consider nurses semi-professionals, rather than professionals, because

Which of the following meets the sociological definition of a profession?

Parents' decisions against vaccinating their children

In the early twentieth century, those nurses who fought to raise the status of nursing were hampered by

What factors make it easier for some mainstream health care occupations compared to others to approach or attain professional status? (Do not include alternative healers in your answer.)

Which of the following helped doctors gain control over childbirth?

Over the years, chiropractors have

Which of the following is true?

Compare and contrast the fields of dentistry and osteopathy. What factors have allowed medicine to dominate osteopathy but not dentistry?

When doctors first began medicalizing pregnancy, many women welcomed the change because it

To gain professional status, osteopaths

The Sociology of Health, Illness, and Health Care

The Social Sources of Modern Illness

The Social Distribution of Illness in the United States

Illness and Death in Less Developed Nations

The Social Meanings of Illness

The Experience of Disability, Chronic Pain, and Chronic Illness

The Sociology of Mental Illness

Health Care in the United States

Health Care Around the Globe

Health Care Settings and Technologies

The Profession of Medicine

Issues in Bioethics

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Exam 12: Other Mainstream and Alternative Health Care Providers

Florence Nightingale

Men who enter nursing

Curanderos

Which of the following have the highest status?

Currently, some chiropractors believe that

The history of osteopathy suggests how difficult it is to

What similarities and differences do you see between curanderos and acupuncturists in terms of who they serve, how they enter the field, and their current social and legal positions?

In the early twentieth century,

Which of the following is true?

Sociologists consider nurses semi-professionals, rather than professionals, because

Which of the following meets the sociological definition of a profession?

Parents' decisions against vaccinating their children

In the early twentieth century, those nurses who fought to raise the status of nursing were hampered by

What factors make it easier for some mainstream health care occupations compared to others to approach or attain professional status? (Do not include alternative healers in your answer.)

Which of the following helped doctors gain control over childbirth?

Over the years, chiropractors have

Which of the following is true?

Compare and contrast the fields of dentistry and osteopathy. What factors have allowed medicine to dominate osteopathy but not dentistry?

When doctors first began medicalizing pregnancy, many women welcomed the change because it

To gain professional status, osteopaths

The Sociology of Health, Illness, and Health Care

The Social Sources of Modern Illness

The Social Distribution of Illness in the United States

Illness and Death in Less Developed Nations

The Social Meanings of Illness

The Experience of Disability, Chronic Pain, and Chronic Illness

The Sociology of Mental Illness

Health Care in the United States

Health Care Around the Globe

Health Care Settings and Technologies

The Profession of Medicine

Issues in Bioethics

Filters