Exam 1: C: The Evolution of Psychology

Presho is a first-year psychology student at Carleton University. She moved to Ottawa from Calgary and has not yet made many friends in her classes. She decides to attend a games night meet-and-greet organized by the Psychology Society of Carleton University (PSCU) to connect with other Carleton psychology undergraduates. It just so happens that members of the Psychology Graduate Student Association (PGSA), are also attending. Presho decides to chat with as many students as possible to figure out what they like and dislike about their programs so far. -Presho recognizes Vasia,her PSYC1001 teaching assistant,at the event.Vasia mentions she is completing a degree in neuroscience,but will also finish with a minor in psychology.She is most interested in studying the action of neurotransmitters in the pleasure centre of the brain.Vasia is fascinated by ________ psychology.

Castiel is a psychologist who is interested in seeing how autonomic nervous system responses are related to subjective feelings of fear. Half the participants in Castiel's experiment watch a 10-minute graphic and violent video and the other half watch a 10-minute video of a baby kitten. While the participants are watching the video, Castiel gathers measurements of their skin conductance. After they finish watching the video the participants answer a questionnaire about their level of fear after watching the video as well as how they generally react to horror movies. -Before dividing his participants into those who watched violent videos versus those who watched kitten videos,Castiel notices that the distribution of his participants' skin conductance scores appears to be normal.The distribution of these participants in terms of their skin conductance would be a ________.

Rhea is in graduate school studying social psychology and is doing research on the social desirability bias. In her experiment, participants are first asked to fill out a survey about how honest they are. They are then told to take a seat in the hallway (where there is only one chair) before the next part of their experiment. Unbeknownst to the participants, the chair is modified and will break the moment someone sits on it. Also, the waiting room is being filmed by a hidden camera. Half of the participants sit on the chair and break it. For the other half of the participants, a confederate walks in at the same time as the participant and sits on the chair before the participant has the chance. The confederate breaks the chair and leaves immediately after without saying anything to the participant. In both cases, after 10 minutes, Rhea comes out and asks the participant about the chair and records whether they lied or not. -What could Rhea do to avoid experimenter bias

Arash wants to examine the relationship between stress and eating when someone is on a diet. He recruits an equal number of male and female participants to respond to a questionnaire about their eating habits, their typical mood, and their overall anxiety levels. Arash ensures half of his male participants and half of his female participants are on a diet and the other half are not. After the questionnaire, all participants are randomly assigned to complete one of two tasks. Half of the participants solve a difficult math problem in front of a group of math professors within a certain time limit. The other participants solve a simple arithmetic problem in a waiting area alone, with no time limit. After they perform the task, all participants are asked to complete one more questionnaire about their stress level while sitting next to a box of Timbits. Arash tells the participants to help themselves to the Timbits, and secretly counts how many Timbits the participant actually eats. -Which of the following is NOT likely to be a confounding variable in Arash's experiment

Janus wanted to see if people are more attracted to individuals with symmetrical faces compared to individuals with asymmetrical faces. Janus recruited heterosexual male and female participants for his experiment. Janus showed the participants pictures of people whose faces were modified to be more symmetrical or less symmetrical than they actually are and asked the participants to press a green button if they found the picture attractive and a red button if they did not. The participants were shown a single picture at a time and each picture was shown to them for five seconds. -What type of research did Janus perform

Castiel is a psychologist who is interested in seeing how autonomic nervous system responses are related to subjective feelings of fear. Half the participants in Castiel's experiment watch a 10-minute graphic and violent video and the other half watch a 10-minute video of a baby kitten. While the participants are watching the video, Castiel gathers measurements of their skin conductance. After they finish watching the video the participants answer a questionnaire about their level of fear after watching the video as well as how they generally react to horror movies. -What type of testing is the skin conductance test Castiel performed on the participants

Castiel is a psychologist who is interested in seeing how autonomic nervous system responses are related to subjective feelings of fear. Half the participants in Castiel's experiment watch a 10-minute graphic and violent video and the other half watch a 10-minute video of a baby kitten. While the participants are watching the video, Castiel gathers measurements of their skin conductance. After they finish watching the video the participants answer a questionnaire about their level of fear after watching the video as well as how they generally react to horror movies. -Castiel analyzes his results and comes to the conclusion that there is a strong positive correlation between subjective feelings of fear and autonomic nervous system response.What would be his next step

Jordan is a developmental psychologist who studies bullying and aggression in elementary school students. Her days often consist of spending time in the schoolyard with the children and making careful notes of their interactions. She pays particular attention to incidents of bullying in the schoolyard and is trying to find personality characteristics that are associated with bullying. In her most recent study, she found that being a bully is negatively correlated with academic performance at the 0.05 level of significance. -Which of the following is an accurate representation of Jordan's findings in her latest study

Fidan is studying a model of obesity. For her experiment, Fidan uses three groups of 31 rats each that are given either (1) 24-hour access to high calorie treat food in addition to their normal chow, (2) restricted 8-hour access to high calorie treat food and 24-hour access to their normal chow, or (3) 24-hour access to only their normal chow. Every day, Fidan weighs the animals and carefully takes note of the amount and type of food each animal has consumed. At the end of the experiment, Fidan performs surgery on all the animals and notices that the animals that put on the most weight showed noticeable differences in their hypothalamus compared to the rest of the rats. -Which of the following represents the mode in Fidan's experiment

Imagine that you have gone to visit your PSYC 1001 professor during his office hours and find out that he has a time machine in his office. He explains that the time machine works, except for a programming glitch that restricts the destination of the machine. This particular time machine can only travel to the laboratories of past psychology researchers. Seeing as you are an avid first-year psychology student, you boldly ask your professor if you can take a ride to a past laboratory. Surprisingly, he agrees, so you hop in, ready to travel back in time -You travel to the office of B.F.Skinner.You ask him how he thinks you can stop your bad habit of biting your nails.What does he suggest you do

Rhea is in graduate school studying social psychology and is doing research on the social desirability bias. In her experiment, participants are first asked to fill out a survey about how honest they are. They are then told to take a seat in the hallway (where there is only one chair) before the next part of their experiment. Unbeknownst to the participants, the chair is modified and will break the moment someone sits on it. Also, the waiting room is being filmed by a hidden camera. Half of the participants sit on the chair and break it. For the other half of the participants, a confederate walks in at the same time as the participant and sits on the chair before the participant has the chance. The confederate breaks the chair and leaves immediately after without saying anything to the participant. In both cases, after 10 minutes, Rhea comes out and asks the participant about the chair and records whether they lied or not. -How are the participants most likely going to react after they find out about the deception

Arash wants to examine the relationship between stress and eating when someone is on a diet. He recruits an equal number of male and female participants to respond to a questionnaire about their eating habits, their typical mood, and their overall anxiety levels. Arash ensures half of his male participants and half of his female participants are on a diet and the other half are not. After the questionnaire, all participants are randomly assigned to complete one of two tasks. Half of the participants solve a difficult math problem in front of a group of math professors within a certain time limit. The other participants solve a simple arithmetic problem in a waiting area alone, with no time limit. After they perform the task, all participants are asked to complete one more questionnaire about their stress level while sitting next to a box of Timbits. Arash tells the participants to help themselves to the Timbits, and secretly counts how many Timbits the participant actually eats. -The control group in Arash's experiment includes only the _____ who performed the ___ math task.

Jordan is a developmental psychologist who studies bullying and aggression in elementary school students. Her days often consist of spending time in the schoolyard with the children and making careful notes of their interactions. She pays particular attention to incidents of bullying in the schoolyard and is trying to find personality characteristics that are associated with bullying. In her most recent study, she found that being a bully is negatively correlated with academic performance at the 0.05 level of significance. -Which of the following was the control group in Jordan's latest study

Fidan is studying a model of obesity. For her experiment, Fidan uses three groups of 31 rats each that are given either (1) 24-hour access to high calorie treat food in addition to their normal chow, (2) restricted 8-hour access to high calorie treat food and 24-hour access to their normal chow, or (3) 24-hour access to only their normal chow. Every day, Fidan weighs the animals and carefully takes note of the amount and type of food each animal has consumed. At the end of the experiment, Fidan performs surgery on all the animals and notices that the animals that put on the most weight showed noticeable differences in their hypothalamus compared to the rest of the rats. -Which of the following represents the median weight of all the rats in Fidan's experiment

Janus wanted to see if people are more attracted to individuals with symmetrical faces compared to individuals with asymmetrical faces. Janus recruited heterosexual male and female participants for his experiment. Janus showed the participants pictures of people whose faces were modified to be more symmetrical or less symmetrical than they actually are and asked the participants to press a green button if they found the picture attractive and a red button if they did not. The participants were shown a single picture at a time and each picture was shown to them for five seconds. -Which of the following is a possible confounding variable

Presho is a first-year psychology student at Carleton University. She moved to Ottawa from Calgary and has not yet made many friends in her classes. She decides to attend a games night meet-and-greet organized by the Psychology Society of Carleton University (PSCU) to connect with other Carleton psychology undergraduates. It just so happens that members of the Psychology Graduate Student Association (PGSA), are also attending. Presho decides to chat with as many students as possible to figure out what they like and dislike about their programs so far. -Presho meets a fourth-year undergraduate named Chelsie.Chelsie is volunteering on a project that is exploring the difference between transformational leadership and ethical leadership on the well-being of employees in the workplace.Chelsie's study is related to which stream of psychology research

Fidan is studying a model of obesity. For her experiment, Fidan uses three groups of 31 rats each that are given either (1) 24-hour access to high calorie treat food in addition to their normal chow, (2) restricted 8-hour access to high calorie treat food and 24-hour access to their normal chow, or (3) 24-hour access to only their normal chow. Every day, Fidan weighs the animals and carefully takes note of the amount and type of food each animal has consumed. At the end of the experiment, Fidan performs surgery on all the animals and notices that the animals that put on the most weight showed noticeable differences in their hypothalamus compared to the rest of the rats. -What was the dependent variable in Fidan's experiment

Fidan is studying a model of obesity. For her experiment, Fidan uses three groups of 31 rats each that are given either (1) 24-hour access to high calorie treat food in addition to their normal chow, (2) restricted 8-hour access to high calorie treat food and 24-hour access to their normal chow, or (3) 24-hour access to only their normal chow. Every day, Fidan weighs the animals and carefully takes note of the amount and type of food each animal has consumed. At the end of the experiment, Fidan performs surgery on all the animals and notices that the animals that put on the most weight showed noticeable differences in their hypothalamus compared to the rest of the rats. -Which of the following is a hypothesis for Fidan's experiment

Imagine that you have gone to visit your PSYC 1001 professor during his office hours and find out that he has a time machine in his office. He explains that the time machine works, except for a programming glitch that restricts the destination of the machine. This particular time machine can only travel to the laboratories of past psychology researchers. Seeing as you are an avid first-year psychology student, you boldly ask your professor if you can take a ride to a past laboratory. Surprisingly, he agrees, so you hop in, ready to travel back in time -You choose to travel back to Vienna in the early 1900s to talk to Sigmund Freud.You enter his office when he is in a session with a patient.Which of the following would you NOT expect to hear

Janus wanted to see if people are more attracted to individuals with symmetrical faces compared to individuals with asymmetrical faces. Janus recruited heterosexual male and female participants for his experiment. Janus showed the participants pictures of people whose faces were modified to be more symmetrical or less symmetrical than they actually are and asked the participants to press a green button if they found the picture attractive and a red button if they did not. The participants were shown a single picture at a time and each picture was shown to them for five seconds. -What is Janus' operational definition of attractiveness