Exam 6: C: Learning

Alec wants to train his dog Magnus to sit on command. To achieve this goal, Alec starts by giving Magnus a strip of bacon and saying "sit" every time Magnus sits. A day later, Alec gives Magnus a strip of bacon and a pat on the head and says "sit" every time Magnus sits. Magnus seems to learn to sit on command. However, after a few days of training, Alec notices that Magnus now salivates and wags his tail whenever he hears the word "sit." -Which of the following stimuli is most likely going to make Magnus salivate

Alec wants to train his dog Magnus to sit on command. To achieve this goal, Alec starts by giving Magnus a strip of bacon and saying "sit" every time Magnus sits. A day later, Alec gives Magnus a strip of bacon and a pat on the head and says "sit" every time Magnus sits. Magnus seems to learn to sit on command. However, after a few days of training, Alec notices that Magnus now salivates and wags his tail whenever he hears the word "sit." -The fact that Magnus begins salivating and wagging his tail indicates that the word "sit" is a ________.

Jared is a stay-at-home dad who takes care of his five-year-old daughter Olivia. Olivia is hyperactive and does not often listen to Jared. Jared is trying to find new ways to get his daughter to brush her teeth, which she always refuses to do. Jared has come up with the solution to give Olivia a sticker every three times she brushes her teeth without him telling her to. -One day,Olivia gets very upset and throws a huge temper tantrum.Despite the fact that she was supposed to get a sticker for brushing her teeth alone that day,Jared does not give her one because of her behaviour.This is an example of ________________.

Sam recently watched the movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and became fascinated with the concept of memory and how it is stored in the brain. In the movie, the protagonist tries to forget his ex-girlfriend by undergoing a procedure that destroys the neural circuits that stored all his memories of their relationship. Sam decides to read up on the physiological basis for memory to get a better understanding of how it works. -After the movie ends,Sam calls his friend to recommend the movie to him.Because the title is long,Sam is mentally rehearsing and internally repeating it until his friend picks up the phone.Because of this,you would expect higher levels of activity in his _______.

Alicia is an avid online poker player. She spends hours every day playing poker online. Initially, she played because she really enjoyed the game and it gave her an exciting feeling. However, over the past few months she has noticed that she experiences higher anxiety levels if she has not played in a while and she feels like she needs to play to reduce this anxiety. -Alicia is actively trying to get her poker playing under control and decides to enrol in a behaviour modification program.The program facilitator asks Alicia to count how many times she visits the online poker site,how many games she plays,and the events that happen right before she goes online to play another game.Alicia was asked to gather her ______ and monitor her ______,respectively.

Victoria has a huge phobia of spiders. Victoria is currently dating Joshua who owns a pet tarantula. Victoria refuses to even be in the same room as Joshua's tarantula. Joshua is trying to help Victoria overcome her fear of his tarantula. -Victoria gets annoyed because Joshua keeps talking to her about her fear of spiders and confronts him about his fear of clowns.According to the principles of classical conditioning which situation might most likely have caused Joshua's fear of clowns

Monica is a first-year student at Carleton and she is taking a lot of introductory courses. Monica has a 14-year-old brother named Ross who often visits her in her dorm on the weekend and watches R-rated violent movies and TV shows while she studies. Monica becomes worried about the some of the media content that Ross is watching. -Monica is worried that Ross' choice of TV shows and movies will make him more aggressive when he's older.She should be the most worried if ______________________.

Alicia is an avid online poker player. She spends hours every day playing poker online. Initially, she played because she really enjoyed the game and it gave her an exciting feeling. However, over the past few months she has noticed that she experiences higher anxiety levels if she has not played in a while and she feels like she needs to play to reduce this anxiety. -After several months,Alicia's poker playing habit has been maintained by _______________.

Dr. Lin is a new doctor who just finished her medical school residency last year. She is working with Dr. Sevigny, who has 20 years of experience. They are working in the Emergency Room together. A patient comes in with a long list of weird symptoms. Because the symptoms are odd, Dr. Lin decides to ask Dr. Sevigny for some help so she can be sure to provide a correct diagnosis. When the patient says he has a stuffy nose, shoulder pain, and a numb left foot, Dr. Sevigny asks him if he is a firefighter. Dr. Sevigny explains to Dr. Lin that he has seen this group of symptoms together in two patients before, and both of those patients were firefighters he had seen over 10 years ago. -The patient says he is firefighter,so without any more information,Dr.Sevigny prescribes the treatment for the diagnosis he had originally predicted.This decision is largely based on the ________.

Dory is a first-year psychology student at Carleton University and is often teased for having a terrible memory. Dory is famous for not paying attention to details and not being able to remember crucial information when she needs it. After taking a first-year psychology course and learning more about memory, Dory is motivated to figure out how to begin remembering more. -While walking home from class one day,a dog barks at Dory and almost bites her.Dory goes to file a report about the incident the next day with campus security,but cannot remember the dog's breed.What can she do to refresh her memory

Solene is in competition with other candidates for a job in a secret government division that requires above average reasoning and problem-solving ability. As part of the selection process, she is required to complete a written exam and a problem-solving interview. Solene thinks she is well-prepared-she has done online practice exams and completed different problem-solving tasks her friends designed-but she is unsure of what to expect the day of her tests. -Solene is asked to play rock-paper-scissors with the interviewer.Thankfully,Solene has an old,go-to strategy for playing rock-paper-scissors.She uses rock on the first trial,and then for every subsequent trial,she copies the move of the other player from the previous trial.Solene's solution does NOT involve the use of _____________.

Sam recently watched the movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and became fascinated with the concept of memory and how it is stored in the brain. In the movie, the protagonist tries to forget his ex-girlfriend by undergoing a procedure that destroys the neural circuits that stored all his memories of their relationship. Sam decides to read up on the physiological basis for memory to get a better understanding of how it works. -Sam wonders what would happen if there was a mistake in the procedure and the protagonist could no longer form any new memories.This hypothetical situation is an example of ______ and would be attributed to an impairment of the _______.

Patricia is a defense attorney. Her job requires her to confront witnesses about the limits of their memory capabilities. In addition, as a defense attorney Patricia is motivated to make the witnesses "slip-up" or even distort their memories of the events her client is being accused of. -Patricia often brings up the concept of transience in court to discredit the memory of an eyewitness.This concept refers to _________ and is a memory sin of _________.

Solene is in competition with other candidates for a job in a secret government division that requires above average reasoning and problem-solving ability. As part of the selection process, she is required to complete a written exam and a problem-solving interview. Solene thinks she is well-prepared-she has done online practice exams and completed different problem-solving tasks her friends designed-but she is unsure of what to expect the day of her tests. -One of the questions on the exam reads: " d is to b as p is to ____".To solve this,Solene mentally rotates the letter p.Solene's use of mental rotation is a form of ____________.

Solene is in competition with other candidates for a job in a secret government division that requires above average reasoning and problem-solving ability. As part of the selection process, she is required to complete a written exam and a problem-solving interview. Solene thinks she is well-prepared-she has done online practice exams and completed different problem-solving tasks her friends designed-but she is unsure of what to expect the day of her tests. -Solene is shown seven different sized bottles.Two bottles contain "poison",three contain water,and one contains liquid that will give her superpowers.She is given a riddle to determine which bottle is the "superpower" bottle.To help her solve the problem,she names each bottle after a friend the particular bottle resembles.Naming each bottle after a friend is considered ______________.

Victoria has a huge phobia of spiders. Victoria is currently dating Joshua who owns a pet tarantula. Victoria refuses to even be in the same room as Joshua's tarantula. Joshua is trying to help Victoria overcome her fear of his tarantula. -Joshua works in marketing and knows all about using the principles of classical and operant conditioning to sell an idea to the public.How can Joshua incorporate these same ideas to help Victoria overcome her fear of tarantula

Tessa is in her first year at Carleton University and is trying to incorporate what she has learned about memory in her psychology class when she studies for her exams. Tessa has a biology midterm next week and is very stressed out about it. To prepare, Tessa has compiled a list with all the terms and definitions she needs to learn for her midterm. -Her biology professor posted a mock midterm online with a similar format to the actual midterm.Tessa is torn between solving the mock midterm and taking the same amount of time to study as much material as possible.According to your textbook what should she do

Monica is a first-year student at Carleton and she is taking a lot of introductory courses. Monica has a 14-year-old brother named Ross who often visits her in her dorm on the weekend and watches R-rated violent movies and TV shows while she studies. Monica becomes worried about the some of the media content that Ross is watching. -Monica is concerned about Ross' choice of TV shows and tells him how the shows he watches affect his brain.Ross rolls his eyes and says she's being a drama queen.Which statement best summarizes this situation

Jamila's friends are participating in a tradition known as Senior Sunrise, where the graduating high school class members stay out all night before the last day of school. Jamila's parents set her a curfew of 12 midnight (which was very generous), and Jamila made sure to be home by then. However, she receives a text message at 3 a.m. from her best friend asking her to come back and join in the celebrations. Jamila now needs to solve a problem: Should she obey her parents and stay home, or should she sneak out and join her friends? -Jamila remembers a line from one of her favourite TV shows: "Nothing good happens after 2 a.m.".Using this to help solve her problem,she decides to stay home.Which method of problem-solving did Jamila use in this case

Jamila's friends are participating in a tradition known as Senior Sunrise, where the graduating high school class members stay out all night before the last day of school. Jamila's parents set her a curfew of 12 midnight (which was very generous), and Jamila made sure to be home by then. However, she receives a text message at 3 a.m. from her best friend asking her to come back and join in the celebrations. Jamila now needs to solve a problem: Should she obey her parents and stay home, or should she sneak out and join her friends? -After Jamila hears from her best friend,she believes everyone is out partying without her.Now she is certain that her two other friends would be out partying as well.Jamila texts them.If those two friends _______ and Jamila still thinks everyone is out partying,then this is a case of __________.