Question 1

What is the most common form of "cheating" in self-induced behaviour modification programs

Accepted Answer

A)  avoiding punishment 
B)  providing frequent reinforcers 
C)  enjoying the reinforcer without earning it 
D)  punishing inappropriately 
A)  avoiding punishment 
B)  providing frequent reinforcers 
C)  enjoying the reinforcer without earning it 
D)  punishing inappropriately

Question 2

What must be done to create higher-order conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  present a UCS that elicits a novel UCR 
B)  pair a new CS with an established CS 
C)  pair the CS with a new UCS 
D)  repeatedly present the CS without presenting the UCS 
A)  present a UCS that elicits a novel UCR 
B)  pair a new CS with an established CS 
C)  pair the CS with a new UCS 
D)  repeatedly present the CS without presenting the UCS

Question 3

Which situation requires a cognitive explanation,rather than the traditional mechanical view of conditioning put forth by Pavlov and Skinner

Accepted Answer

A)  A dog learns to bark whenever the doorbell rings. 
B)  A girl learns to avoid a bully at school. 
C)  A toddler pretends to "cook dinner" with toys after observing his parents cooking. 
D)  A man avoids fish after getting sick at a seafood buffet. 
A)  A dog learns to bark whenever the doorbell rings. 
B)  A girl learns to avoid a bully at school. 
C)  A toddler pretends to "cook dinner" with toys after observing his parents cooking. 
D)  A man avoids fish after getting sick at a seafood buffet.

Question 4

Which statement best describes the predominant view among learning theorists today

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no such thing as "the" learning process. 
B)  All species are capable of learning all the same responses. 
C)  Associations can be conditioned between any stimulus an organism can sense and any response the organism can make. 
D)  The basic mechanisms of learning are similar across species although they have evolved along somewhat different paths in different species. 
A)  There is no such thing as "the" learning process. 
B)  All species are capable of learning all the same responses. 
C)  Associations can be conditioned between any stimulus an organism can sense and any response the organism can make. 
D)  The basic mechanisms of learning are similar across species although they have evolved along somewhat different paths in different species.

Question 5

When does extinction of a conditioned response in classical conditioning occur

Accepted Answer

A)  when the CS is occasionally presented without the UCS 
B)  when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS 
C)  when the UCS is repeatedly presented without the UCR 
D)  when the UCS is occasionally presented without the UCR 
A)  when the CS is occasionally presented without the UCS 
B)  when the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS 
C)  when the UCS is repeatedly presented without the UCR 
D)  when the UCS is occasionally presented without the UCR

Question 6

Which example of behaviours is NOT learned through classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  the physiological functioning of the immune system 
B)  voluntary behaviours such as setting the table for dinner 
C)  both pleasant and unpleasant emotional responses 
D)  simple reflexive behaviours such as blinking 
A)  the physiological functioning of the immune system 
B)  voluntary behaviours such as setting the table for dinner 
C)  both pleasant and unpleasant emotional responses 
D)  simple reflexive behaviours such as blinking

Question 7

B.F.Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favourable consequences.What did Skinner call these favourable consequences

Accepted Answer

A)  bribes 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  rewards 
D)  unconditioned stimuli 
A)  bribes 
B)  reinforcement 
C)  rewards 
D)  unconditioned stimuli

Question 8

What do we call the positive emotions that Francine feels when she first smells bread baking

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned response 
A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned response

Question 9

Which schedule of reinforcement involves reinforcement that is given after a variable number of nonreinforced responses

Accepted Answer

A)  variable ratio schedule 
B)  fixed interval schedule 
C)  fixed ratio schedule 
D)  variable interval schedule 
A)  variable ratio schedule 
B)  fixed interval schedule 
C)  fixed ratio schedule 
D)  variable interval schedule

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of punishment

Accepted Answer

A)  Elsa studies harder after being warned that a test is coming. 
B)  Craig stops crying after his brother apologizes for hitting him. 
C)  Terry flirts each time Ellen wears a skirt, so Ellen stops wearing skirts. 
D)  Students get louder when the teacher yells at them for being loud. 
A)  Elsa studies harder after being warned that a test is coming. 
B)  Craig stops crying after his brother apologizes for hitting him. 
C)  Terry flirts each time Ellen wears a skirt, so Ellen stops wearing skirts. 
D)  Students get louder when the teacher yells at them for being loud.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment

Accepted Answer

A)  nagging a child until she picks up her toys 
B)  taking away a child's TV privileges for one week for a bad report card 
C)  making a child sit in the corner for 10 minutes for rudeness 
D)  laughing at a classmate when he asks a "dumb question" in class 
A)  nagging a child until she picks up her toys 
B)  taking away a child's TV privileges for one week for a bad report card 
C)  making a child sit in the corner for 10 minutes for rudeness 
D)  laughing at a classmate when he asks a "dumb question" in class

Question 12

Which type of learning occurs when an organism's response is influenced by the observation of others who are called models

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  shaping 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  observational learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  shaping 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 13

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced.What is this process called

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping 
B)  modelling 
C)  discrimination 
D)  reinforcement contingency 
A)  shaping 
B)  modelling 
C)  discrimination 
D)  reinforcement contingency

Question 14

If the cumulative record for Rat A has a steep slope,while Rat B's has a shallow slope,what would you conclude

Accepted Answer

A)  Rat A has a higher rate of responding than Rat B. 
B)  Rat B has a higher rate of responding than Rat A. 
C)  Both Rat A and Rat B have high rates of responding. 
D)  Both Rat A and Rat B have low rates of responding. 
A)  Rat A has a higher rate of responding than Rat B. 
B)  Rat B has a higher rate of responding than Rat A. 
C)  Both Rat A and Rat B have high rates of responding. 
D)  Both Rat A and Rat B have low rates of responding.

Question 15

What is another name for operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning 
B)  instrumental learning 
C)  latent conditioning 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  observational learning 
B)  instrumental learning 
C)  latent conditioning 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 16

When Veronica first quit smoking she felt cravings for cigarettes whenever she had a cup of coffee,because in the past she always had a cigarette when she took a coffee break.Eventually,several months after quitting,Veronica gradually stopped experiencing the cravings.What is the term for the gradual decline in Veronica's cravings

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  stimulus discrimination 
D)  extinction 
A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  higher-order conditioning 
C)  stimulus discrimination 
D)  extinction

Question 17

Pat studies in order to get good grades and to receive praise.Kelly studies so that her mother will stop nagging her.What is the difference between Pat's and Kelly's behaviour

Accepted Answer

A)  Pat gets negative reinforcement, but Kelly gets positive reinforcement. 
B)  Pat gets positive reinforcement, but Kelly gets negative reinforcement. 
C)  Pat is avoiding negative punishment, but Kelly is avoiding positive punishment. 
D)  Pat experiences punishment, but Kelly experiences reinforcement. 
A)  Pat gets negative reinforcement, but Kelly gets positive reinforcement. 
B)  Pat gets positive reinforcement, but Kelly gets negative reinforcement. 
C)  Pat is avoiding negative punishment, but Kelly is avoiding positive punishment. 
D)  Pat experiences punishment, but Kelly experiences reinforcement.

Question 18

What did Albert Bandura distinguish between in his research

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement of a response and punishment of a response 
B)  the acquisition and the performance of the response 
C)  instinctive drift and conditioned taste aversions 
D)  classical conditioning and operant conditioning 
A)  reinforcement of a response and punishment of a response 
B)  the acquisition and the performance of the response 
C)  instinctive drift and conditioned taste aversions 
D)  classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 19

What is most likely to lead to the development of a superstitious behaviour

Accepted Answer

A)  incomplete extinction trials 
B)  partial reinforcement schedules 
C)  non-contingent reinforcement 
D)  classical conditioning 
A)  incomplete extinction trials 
B)  partial reinforcement schedules 
C)  non-contingent reinforcement 
D)  classical conditioning

Question 20

With which research topic is Edward Thorndike associated

Accepted Answer

A)  training pigeons to have superstitious responses 
B)  training dogs to salivate in response to sounds 
C)  documenting cats' abilities to escape from puzzle boxes 
D)  documenting children's responses to role models 
A)  training pigeons to have superstitious responses 
B)  training dogs to salivate in response to sounds 
C)  documenting cats' abilities to escape from puzzle boxes 
D)  documenting children's responses to role models

Exam 6: B: Learning

What is the most common form of "cheating" in self-induced behaviour modification programs

What must be done to create higher-order conditioning

Which situation requires a cognitive explanation,rather than the traditional mechanical view of conditioning put forth by Pavlov and Skinner

Which statement best describes the predominant view among learning theorists today

When does extinction of a conditioned response in classical conditioning occur

Which example of behaviours is NOT learned through classical conditioning

B.F.Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favourable consequences.What did Skinner call these favourable consequences

What do we call the positive emotions that Francine feels when she first smells bread baking

Which schedule of reinforcement involves reinforcement that is given after a variable number of nonreinforced responses

Which of the following is an example of punishment

Which of the following is NOT an example of punishment

Which type of learning occurs when an organism's response is influenced by the observation of others who are called models

Operant responses are typically established through a gradual process in which closer and closer approximations of the desired response are reinforced.What is this process called

If the cumulative record for Rat A has a steep slope,while Rat B's has a shallow slope,what would you conclude

What is another name for operant conditioning

Pat studies in order to get good grades and to receive praise.Kelly studies so that her mother will stop nagging her.What is the difference between Pat's and Kelly's behaviour

What did Albert Bandura distinguish between in his research

What is most likely to lead to the development of a superstitious behaviour

With which research topic is Edward Thorndike associated

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

C: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

A: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

C: The Biological Basis of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

C: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

A: Language and Thought

B: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

C: Intelligence Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

C: Human Development Across the Lifespan

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

C: Stress, Coping Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters