Question 1

Which heuristic is reflected in our tendency to overestimate the probability of improbable events

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  gambler's heuristic 
D)  conjunction heuristic 
A)  availability heuristic 
B)  representativeness heuristic 
C)  gambler's heuristic 
D)  conjunction heuristic

Question 2

If given a choice between a "sure" thing and a "risky" gamble,what percentage of people did Kahneman and Tversky (1984)find would select the "sure" thing when the problem was framed in terms of lives saved

Accepted Answer

A)  22% 
B)  42% 
C)  52% 
D)  72% 
A)  22% 
B)  42% 
C)  52% 
D)  72%

Question 3

Seven-year-old Thalia told her mother that the boys playing tag outside were "chasing each other around like puppies." What is reflected in Thalia's use of the metaphor

Accepted Answer

A)  metalinguistic awareness 
B)  overextension 
C)  overregularization 
D)  changes in her mean length of utterance 
A)  metalinguistic awareness 
B)  overextension 
C)  overregularization 
D)  changes in her mean length of utterance

Question 4

Based on a past experience that involved temper tantrums,Sue decides not to take her two five-year-old grandsons to the movies at the same time.Which decision-making strategy is Sue using

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness heuristic 
B)  conjunction heuristic 
C)  gambler's heuristic 
D)  availability heuristic 
A)  representativeness heuristic 
B)  conjunction heuristic 
C)  gambler's heuristic 
D)  availability heuristic

Question 5

People often assume that it is necessary to use all the numerical information provided in a problem to solve the problem.In reality,numerical information sometimes makes it more difficult to solve a problem.Why

Accepted Answer

A)  The information results in a mental set. 
B)  The information may be irrelevant. 
C)  The information puts unnecessary constraints on the problem solver. 
D)  The information encourages functional fixedness. 
A)  The information results in a mental set. 
B)  The information may be irrelevant. 
C)  The information puts unnecessary constraints on the problem solver. 
D)  The information encourages functional fixedness.

Question 6

Which unifying theme in psychology is the linguistic relativity hypothesis most consistent with

Accepted Answer

A)  Heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour. 
B)  People's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
C)  Psychology is empirical. 
D)  Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage. 
A)  Heredity and environment jointly influence behaviour. 
B)  People's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
C)  Psychology is empirical. 
D)  Behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage.

Question 7

Darcy enjoys a day at the racetrack and doesn't really care if she ends up with a little more or little less money at the end of the day.What most likely influences Darcy's decision to go to the racetrack

Accepted Answer

A)  expected value 
B)  subjective utility 
C)  unexpected value 
D)  objective utility 
A)  expected value 
B)  subjective utility 
C)  unexpected value 
D)  objective utility

Question 8

Ashley has just had her first-ever flat tire.She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire and the jack and other tools are stored in the car,remove the flat tire,and install the spare tire.Which heuristic is Ashley using to approach the problem

Accepted Answer

A)  forming subgoals 
B)  changing the representation of the problem 
C)  working backward 
D)  searching for analogies 
A)  forming subgoals 
B)  changing the representation of the problem 
C)  working backward 
D)  searching for analogies

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the statement that "language is semantic"

Accepted Answer

A)  The word "dog" means the same thing as the word "chien." 
B)  You can use the word "dog" to refer to an animal that isn't currently present. 
C)  You can use the word "dog" to refer to a variety of different individual animals. 
D)  The phrase "the dog bit the man" means something different from "the man bit the dog." 
A)  The word "dog" means the same thing as the word "chien." 
B)  You can use the word "dog" to refer to an animal that isn't currently present. 
C)  You can use the word "dog" to refer to a variety of different individual animals. 
D)  The phrase "the dog bit the man" means something different from "the man bit the dog."

Question 10

What is the term for incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone

Accepted Answer

A)  base rate fallacy 
B)  alternative outcome effect 
C)  conjunction fallacy 
D)  gambler's fallacy 
A)  base rate fallacy 
B)  alternative outcome effect 
C)  conjunction fallacy 
D)  gambler's fallacy

Question 11

According to B.F.Skinner,what allows children to learn how to construct grammatical sentences

Accepted Answer

A)  receiving specific instruction from adults on grammatical rules 
B)  nonreinforced trial and error 
C)  imitation and shaping 
D)  the functioning of the language acquisition device (LA
D)  
A)  receiving specific instruction from adults on grammatical rules 
B)  nonreinforced trial and error 
C)  imitation and shaping 
D)  the functioning of the language acquisition device (LA
D)

Question 12

A limited number of words may be combined into an infinite number of sentences.What does this tell you about language

Accepted Answer

A)  Language is structured. 
B)  Language is generative. 
C)  Language is semantic. 
D)  Language is symbolic. 
A)  Language is structured. 
B)  Language is generative. 
C)  Language is semantic. 
D)  Language is symbolic.

Question 13

According to cognitive psychologists,what is problem solving

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect solutions. 
B)  It refers to active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable. 
C)  It involves making choices under conditions of uncertainty. 
D)  It involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them. 
A)  It is the sudden discovery of the correct solution following incorrect solutions. 
B)  It refers to active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable. 
C)  It involves making choices under conditions of uncertainty. 
D)  It involves evaluating alternatives and making choices among them.

Question 14

According to Steven Pinker,what is human language ability

Accepted Answer

A)  a species-specific trait that results from specific learning experiences 
B)  a behavioural trait that differs dramatically among cultures 
C)  a species-specific trait that resulted from natural selection 
D)  a behavioural trait that reflects societal values 
A)  a species-specific trait that results from specific learning experiences 
B)  a behavioural trait that differs dramatically among cultures 
C)  a species-specific trait that resulted from natural selection 
D)  a behavioural trait that reflects societal values

Question 15

What is typically included in telegraphic speech

Accepted Answer

A)  nouns and verbs 
B)  nouns, verbs, and articles 
C)  only nouns 
D)  only verbs 
A)  nouns and verbs 
B)  nouns, verbs, and articles 
C)  only nouns 
D)  only verbs

Question 16

Which hypothesis is the most likely explanation for why some ideas or concepts are very easily "lost in translation" between two languages

Accepted Answer

A)  interactionist hypothesis 
B)  nativist hypothesis 
C)  metalinguistic awareness hypothesis 
D)  linguistic relativity hypothesis 
A)  interactionist hypothesis 
B)  nativist hypothesis 
C)  metalinguistic awareness hypothesis 
D)  linguistic relativity hypothesis

Question 17

Johanna was placed in charge of planning her class's spring formal.If she thought she should hire the same band that played at last year's formal because of how much everyone enjoyed the band,which barrier to effective problem solving might Johanna be encountering

Accepted Answer

A)  unnecessary constraints 
B)  mental set 
C)  functional fixedness 
D)  irrelevant information 
A)  unnecessary constraints 
B)  mental set 
C)  functional fixedness 
D)  irrelevant information

Question 18

Children produce various errors like overregularizations that they would not have heard from the adults or other models around them.Which theory of language acquisition is weakened by this evidence

Accepted Answer

A)  emergentist theory 
B)  interactionist theory 
C)  behaviourist theory 
D)  nativist theory 
A)  emergentist theory 
B)  interactionist theory 
C)  behaviourist theory 
D)  nativist theory

Question 19

Which aspect of human language suggests that language is an innate human characteristic

Accepted Answer

A)  Among all species, only humans use communication. 
B)  Language is symbolic. 
C)  Language is structured. 
D)  Language is universal in human societies. 
A)  Among all species, only humans use communication. 
B)  Language is symbolic. 
C)  Language is structured. 
D)  Language is universal in human societies.

Question 20

What are the smallest speech units in a language that can be distinguished perceptually

Accepted Answer

A)  sounds 
B)  morphemes 
C)  words 
D)  phonemes 
A)  sounds 
B)  morphemes 
C)  words 
D)  phonemes

Exam 8: B: Language and Thought

Which heuristic is reflected in our tendency to overestimate the probability of improbable events

If given a choice between a "sure" thing and a "risky" gamble,what percentage of people did Kahneman and Tversky (1984)find would select the "sure" thing when the problem was framed in terms of lives saved

Seven-year-old Thalia told her mother that the boys playing tag outside were "chasing each other around like puppies." What is reflected in Thalia's use of the metaphor

Based on a past experience that involved temper tantrums,Sue decides not to take her two five-year-old grandsons to the movies at the same time.Which decision-making strategy is Sue using

People often assume that it is necessary to use all the numerical information provided in a problem to solve the problem.In reality,numerical information sometimes makes it more difficult to solve a problem.Why

Which unifying theme in psychology is the linguistic relativity hypothesis most consistent with

Darcy enjoys a day at the racetrack and doesn't really care if she ends up with a little more or little less money at the end of the day.What most likely influences Darcy's decision to go to the racetrack

Ashley has just had her first-ever flat tire.She realizes that she needs to find where the spare tire and the jack and other tools are stored in the car,remove the flat tire,and install the spare tire.Which heuristic is Ashley using to approach the problem

Which of the following is an example of the statement that "language is semantic"

What is the term for incorrectly estimating that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone

According to B.F.Skinner,what allows children to learn how to construct grammatical sentences

A limited number of words may be combined into an infinite number of sentences.What does this tell you about language

According to cognitive psychologists,what is problem solving

According to Steven Pinker,what is human language ability

What is typically included in telegraphic speech

Which hypothesis is the most likely explanation for why some ideas or concepts are very easily "lost in translation" between two languages

Johanna was placed in charge of planning her class's spring formal.If she thought she should hire the same band that played at last year's formal because of how much everyone enjoyed the band,which barrier to effective problem solving might Johanna be encountering

Children produce various errors like overregularizations that they would not have heard from the adults or other models around them.Which theory of language acquisition is weakened by this evidence

Which aspect of human language suggests that language is an innate human characteristic

What are the smallest speech units in a language that can be distinguished perceptually

A: The Evolution of Psychology

B: The Evolution of Psychology

C: The Evolution of Psychology

A: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

B: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

A: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

B: The Biological Bases of Behaviour

C: The Biological Basis of Behaviour

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

A: Variations in Consciousness

B: Variations in Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

A: Human Memory

B: Human Memory

A: Language and Thought

A: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

B: Intelligence and Psychological Testing

C: Intelligence Psychological Testing

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

B: Human Development Across the Life Span

C: Human Development Across the Lifespan

A: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

B: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment

A: Social Behaviour

B: Social Behaviour

A: Stress, Coping, and Health

B: Stress, Coping, and Health

C: Stress, Coping Health

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

A: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

B: Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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