Question 1

Explain episodic memory.

Accepted Answer

The neurocognitive memory system that encodes, stores, and retrieves memories of our personal individual experiences.

Question 2

Which of the following statements are true?

Accepted Answer

A) Older adults often show less negative correlations between their judgments of learning and their allocation of study time. 
B) Older adults show an advantage in metacognitive control relative to younger adults. 
C) Older adults typically have a deficit in theory of mind. 
D) Slower reaction times are correlated with higher judgments of learning only in older adults. 
A) Older adults often show less negative correlations between their judgments of learning and their allocation of study time. 
B) Older adults show an advantage in metacognitive control relative to younger adults. 
C) Older adults typically have a deficit in theory of mind. 
D) Slower reaction times are correlated with higher judgments of learning only in older adults. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Older adults are more susceptible to misinformation effects than younger adults. 
B) Younger adults are more susceptible to misinformation effects than older adults. 
C) Older adults are more accurate witnesses than younger adults. 
D) Younger witnesses are more accurate witnesses than older adults. 
A) Older adults are more susceptible to misinformation effects than younger adults. 
B) Younger adults are more susceptible to misinformation effects than older adults. 
C) Older adults are more accurate witnesses than younger adults. 
D) Younger witnesses are more accurate witnesses than older adults. A

Question 4

Because older adults tend to recall less items in paired associate learning, their JOLs tend to be:

Accepted Answer

A) less accurate than younger adults. 
B) more accurate than younger adults 
C) lower numerically than younger adults. 
D) higher numerically than younger adults. 
A) less accurate than younger adults. 
B) more accurate than younger adults 
C) lower numerically than younger adults. 
D) higher numerically than younger adults.

Question 5

Studies examining how older adults make judgments of learning (JOLs) find that:

Accepted Answer

A) older adults show impaired accuracy in making JOLs compared to younger adults. 
B) older adults' JOLs do not predict memory performance; the correlation between JOLs and recall is essentially zero. 
C) older adults show inflated magnitude of their judgments relative to younger adults. 
D) there is no difference in accuracy of JOLs between younger and older adults. 
A) older adults show impaired accuracy in making JOLs compared to younger adults. 
B) older adults' JOLs do not predict memory performance; the correlation between JOLs and recall is essentially zero. 
C) older adults show inflated magnitude of their judgments relative to younger adults. 
D) there is no difference in accuracy of JOLs between younger and older adults.

Question 6

From the metamemory perspective, the increased rate of ______ among older adults is adaptive because it allows them to make accurate predictions about what they will recall.

Accepted Answer

The answer of From the metamemory perspective, the increased rate...

Question 7

From the metamemory perspective, the increased rate of TOTs among older adults is adaptive because it allows them to make accurate predictions about what they will recall.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe the processing speed as related to age decline.

Accepted Answer

Age-related declines are cause

Question 9

Older adults, relative to younger adults, have less difficulty recognizing melodies when they are played at a fast tempo than when they are played at a slower tempo.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Souchay and Isingrini examined the relation between JOLs and study time in both younger and older adults.Relative to the younger adults, older adults were more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) forget to study any of the items. 
B) restudy the most difficult items. 
C) restudy more easy items. 
D) restudy only those items about which they had not made JOLs. 
A) forget to study any of the items. 
B) restudy the most difficult items. 
C) restudy more easy items. 
D) restudy only those items about which they had not made JOLs.

Question 11

In lexical decision tasks, older adults:

Accepted Answer

A) show greater accuracy than younger adults. 
B) make slower decisions even though their accuracy is equivalent to that of younger adults. 
C) show no differences in speed or accuracy relative to younger adults. 
D) are more likely to recall the words on the list when called upon to do so, even though their performance on the task is less accurate than younger adults. 
A) show greater accuracy than younger adults. 
B) make slower decisions even though their accuracy is equivalent to that of younger adults. 
C) show no differences in speed or accuracy relative to younger adults. 
D) are more likely to recall the words on the list when called upon to do so, even though their performance on the task is less accurate than younger adults.

Question 12

The observation that older adults are less able to learn tasks simultaneously than younger adults suggests impairment in:

Accepted Answer

A) visual-spatial sketchpad. 
B) phonological loop. 
C) central executive. 
D) working self. 
A) visual-spatial sketchpad. 
B) phonological loop. 
C) central executive. 
D) working self.

Question 13

Göthe, Oberauer, and Kliegl (2007) compared younger and older adults in two tasks.One task was a visual-motor task in which participants had to mentally track the location of an arrow as it moved to various marked locations on a computer screen.The second task was a simple numerical task, that is, to add a number to a pre-existing sum every time the participant heard a tone.They found that older adults learned each task as well as the younger adults did, but had more difficulties when required to do the two tasks simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

One view is that declines in memory in aging occur because:

Accepted Answer

A) older adults do not need to have as strong a memory system as younger adults. 
B) older adults improve with respect to inhibition, which causes memory to decline. 
C) information processing occurs more slowly. 
D) their metamemory accuracy shifts from a positive correlation to a negative one. 
A) older adults do not need to have as strong a memory system as younger adults. 
B) older adults improve with respect to inhibition, which causes memory to decline. 
C) information processing occurs more slowly. 
D) their metamemory accuracy shifts from a positive correlation to a negative one.

Question 15

A power demonstration of the success of inhibition theory to explain age-related memory declines comes from:

Accepted Answer

A) irrelevant and distracting words embedded in otherwise meaningful sentences. 
B) focusing on content leading to a stronger theory. 
C) process-oriented classrooms information. 
D) encoded working memory. 
A) irrelevant and distracting words embedded in otherwise meaningful sentences. 
B) focusing on content leading to a stronger theory. 
C) process-oriented classrooms information. 
D) encoded working memory.

Question 16

Marilena is 80-year-old, and plays tennis and competitive Scrabble.Relative to less active older adults, Marilena is:

Accepted Answer

A) less likely to show cognitive declines. 
B) less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. 
C) still likely to show slower speed on working memory tasks. 
D) all of the above are true. 
A) less likely to show cognitive declines. 
B) less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. 
C) still likely to show slower speed on working memory tasks. 
D) all of the above are true.

Question 17

Which of the following is a helpful hint for older adults trying to improve their memory?

Accepted Answer

A) make metamemory judgments and use the feedback from them to guide learning 
B) read through material much faster so that you can learn faster 
C) play exciting music to keep your heart rate fast so that you can learn at a faster rate 
D) try to commit everything to memory without writing it down 
A) make metamemory judgments and use the feedback from them to guide learning 
B) read through material much faster so that you can learn faster 
C) play exciting music to keep your heart rate fast so that you can learn at a faster rate 
D) try to commit everything to memory without writing it down

Question 18

Research on multi-tasking and memory supports the contention that:

Accepted Answer

A) all adults show lower memory performance while multi-tasking, but it is especially acute in older adults. 
B) only older adults show lower memory performance while multi-tasking. 
C) only younger adults show lower memory performance while multi-tasking. 
D) older adults should not listen to books-on-tape while driving. 
A) all adults show lower memory performance while multi-tasking, but it is especially acute in older adults. 
B) only older adults show lower memory performance while multi-tasking. 
C) only younger adults show lower memory performance while multi-tasking. 
D) older adults should not listen to books-on-tape while driving.

Question 19

With respect to memory accuracy, investigators must be careful not to make:

Accepted Answer

A) suggestive statements to their older witnesses. 
B) suggestive statements to their younger witnesses. 
C) more revealing statements to relative statements to 
D) simultaneously more and less accurate statements relative to younger adults. 
A) suggestive statements to their older witnesses. 
B) suggestive statements to their younger witnesses. 
C) more revealing statements to relative statements to 
D) simultaneously more and less accurate statements relative to younger adults.

Question 20

Which of these is not a reason why memory researchers use judgments of learning (JOLs) to examine metamemory?

Accepted Answer

A) JOLs have also been shown to be highly predictive of study behavior. 
B) JOLs bias metamemory towards older adults. 
C) People use JOLs to allocate their study efforts to the difficult or to the easy items, depending on study constraints. 
D) JOLs are also directly related to study behaviors in the real world. 
A) JOLs have also been shown to be highly predictive of study behavior. 
B) JOLs bias metamemory towards older adults. 
C) People use JOLs to allocate their study efforts to the difficult or to the easy items, depending on study constraints. 
D) JOLs are also directly related to study behaviors in the real world.

Explain episodic memory.

Which of the following statements are true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Because older adults tend to recall less items in paired associate learning, their JOLs tend to be:

Studies examining how older adults make judgments of learning (JOLs) find that:

From the metamemory perspective, the increased rate of ______ among older adults is adaptive because it allows them to make accurate predictions about what they will recall.

From the metamemory perspective, the increased rate of TOTs among older adults is adaptive because it allows them to make accurate predictions about what they will recall.

Describe the processing speed as related to age decline.

Older adults, relative to younger adults, have less difficulty recognizing melodies when they are played at a fast tempo than when they are played at a slower tempo.

Souchay and Isingrini examined the relation between JOLs and study time in both younger and older adults.Relative to the younger adults, older adults were more likely to:

In lexical decision tasks, older adults:

The observation that older adults are less able to learn tasks simultaneously than younger adults suggests impairment in:

One view is that declines in memory in aging occur because:

A power demonstration of the success of inhibition theory to explain age-related memory declines comes from:

Marilena is 80-year-old, and plays tennis and competitive Scrabble.Relative to less active older adults, Marilena is:

Which of the following is a helpful hint for older adults trying to improve their memory?

Research on multi-tasking and memory supports the contention that:

With respect to memory accuracy, investigators must be careful not to make:

Which of these is not a reason why memory researchers use judgments of learning (JOLs) to examine metamemory?

Introduction to the Study of Memory

Memory and the Brain

Working Memory

Episodic Memory

Semantic Memory

Visual Memory

Autobiographical Memory

False Memory

Metamemory

Memory Disorders

Memory in Childhood

Memory Improvement and Learning Efficiency

Filters

Exam 12: Memory in Older Adults

Explain episodic memory.

Which of the following statements are true?

Which of the following statements is true?

Because older adults tend to recall less items in paired associate learning, their JOLs tend to be:

Studies examining how older adults make judgments of learning (JOLs) find that:

From the metamemory perspective, the increased rate of ______ among older adults is adaptive because it allows them to make accurate predictions about what they will recall.

From the metamemory perspective, the increased rate of TOTs among older adults is adaptive because it allows them to make accurate predictions about what they will recall.

Describe the processing speed as related to age decline.

Older adults, relative to younger adults, have less difficulty recognizing melodies when they are played at a fast tempo than when they are played at a slower tempo.

Souchay and Isingrini examined the relation between JOLs and study time in both younger and older adults.Relative to the younger adults, older adults were more likely to:

In lexical decision tasks, older adults:

The observation that older adults are less able to learn tasks simultaneously than younger adults suggests impairment in:

One view is that declines in memory in aging occur because:

A power demonstration of the success of inhibition theory to explain age-related memory declines comes from:

Marilena is 80-year-old, and plays tennis and competitive Scrabble.Relative to less active older adults, Marilena is:

Which of the following is a helpful hint for older adults trying to improve their memory?

Research on multi-tasking and memory supports the contention that:

With respect to memory accuracy, investigators must be careful not to make:

Which of these is not a reason why memory researchers use judgments of learning (JOLs) to examine metamemory?

Introduction to the Study of Memory

Memory and the Brain

Working Memory

Episodic Memory

Semantic Memory

Visual Memory

Autobiographical Memory

False Memory

Metamemory

Memory Disorders

Memory in Childhood

Memory Improvement and Learning Efficiency

Filters