Question 1

Economic factors may exert a negative effect on adherence by

Accepted Answer

A)  limiting access to screening tests. 
B)  preventing people from getting prescriptions filled or refilled. 
C)  increasing social support. 
D)  both a and b 
A)  limiting access to screening tests. 
B)  preventing people from getting prescriptions filled or refilled. 
C)  increasing social support. 
D)  both a and b

Question 2

One recent study used the theory of planned behavior to understand gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption.This study found that men,in comparison to women,have:

Accepted Answer

A)  lower perceived behavioral control and higher subjective norms 
B)  lower perceived behavioral control and less favorable attitudes 
C)  less favorable attitudes and lower subjective norms 
D)  higher favorable attitudes and higher subjective norms 
A)  lower perceived behavioral control and higher subjective norms 
B)  lower perceived behavioral control and less favorable attitudes 
C)  less favorable attitudes and lower subjective norms 
D)  higher favorable attitudes and higher subjective norms

Question 3

For the past three years,Loran has been following his doctor's advice to cut down on his consumption of red meat and to eat more fruits and vegetables.With regard to protecting himself against heart disease,Loran is currently in which stage of the transtheoretical model?

Accepted Answer

A)  precontemplation 
B)  contemplation 
C)  maintenance 
D)  preparation 
A)  precontemplation 
B)  contemplation 
C)  maintenance 
D)  preparation

Question 4

In Stage 2 of the precaution adoption process model,people are aware of a hazard,but they believe that others are at risk,and they are not.This attitude is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an optimistic bias. 
B)  a pessimistic bias. 
C)  a rationalization. 
D)  the ostrich effect. 
A)  an optimistic bias. 
B)  a pessimistic bias. 
C)  a rationalization. 
D)  the ostrich effect.

Question 5

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine

Accepted Answer

A)  are just as likely as those who do to comply with the advice of a physician. 
B)  may not comply with a physician's advice but may comply with a practitioner from the same cultural tradition. 
C)  are likely to be members of ethnic minorities and are less compliant than European Americans. 
D)  are more likely to comply with the advice of a nurse than a physician. 
A)  are just as likely as those who do to comply with the advice of a physician. 
B)  may not comply with a physician's advice but may comply with a practitioner from the same cultural tradition. 
C)  are likely to be members of ethnic minorities and are less compliant than European Americans. 
D)  are more likely to comply with the advice of a nurse than a physician.

Question 6

Patients' self-reports of adherence

Accepted Answer

A)  are valid but not reliable. 
B)  have questionable validity. 
C)  are less valid than physicians' reports. 
D)  are more valid than examination of biochemical evidence. 
A)  are valid but not reliable. 
B)  have questionable validity. 
C)  are less valid than physicians' reports. 
D)  are more valid than examination of biochemical evidence.

Question 7

The behavioral model utilizes components of operant conditioning to understand health behavior change.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In assessing the rate of adherence,physician's estimates are typically more accurate than the
patients' judgments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The effects of anxiety on failure to comply are ______,and the effects of depression are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  small . . . also small 
B)  small . . . large 
C)  large . . . also large 
D)  large . . . small 
A)  small . . . also small 
B)  small . . . large 
C)  large . . . also large 
D)  large . . . small

Question 10

Gina smokes two packs of cigarettes a day,but lately she has begun to seriously think about quitting.According to the transtheoretical model,Gina is in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  precontemplation 
B)  contemplation 
C)  action 
D)  maintenance 
A)  precontemplation 
B)  contemplation 
C)  action 
D)  maintenance

Question 11

Contrary to common sense,people with strong social support are less likely to adhere to
medical advice.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

In general,adherence rates average about 75% to 80%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When examining how age relates to adherence,individuals who are young and individuals who are old have the lowest rates of adherence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What are stage theories of health behavior change? How do they differ from continuum theories?

Accepted Answer

A.Stage theories propose that people pas

Question 15

_____ is an individual's perceptions of how much control exists over one's behavior,and is one factor that determines intentions in the theory of planned behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-efficacy 
B)  Perceived behavioral control 
C)  Subjective norm 
D)  Attitude 
A)  Self-efficacy 
B)  Perceived behavioral control 
C)  Subjective norm 
D)  Attitude

Question 16

Patients' records of their own rate of adherence may lack validity because

Accepted Answer

A)  patients sometimes lie to avoid the displeasure of their physicians. 
B)  patients may be unaware of their own rate of adherence. 
C)  neither a nor b 
D)  both a and b 
A)  patients sometimes lie to avoid the displeasure of their physicians. 
B)  patients may be unaware of their own rate of adherence. 
C)  neither a nor b 
D)  both a and b

Question 17

What assessment issues have an impact on understanding adherence rates?

Accepted Answer

A.Adherence rates are based on estimates

Question 18

For individuals who are depressed,their risk of nonadherence is ____ greater than individuals who are not depressed.

Accepted Answer

A)  four times 
B)  five times 
C)  two times 
D)  three times 
A)  four times 
B)  five times 
C)  two times 
D)  three times

Question 19

Self-efficacy refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  people's belief that they can perform those behaviors necessary to bring about control over events that influence their lives. 
B)  people's belief that their particular lifestyle is a healthy one even when it is not. 
C)  people's belief that a course of action will result in an ideal state of physical and psychological health. 
D)  people's attitude toward the inevitability of disease and death. 
A)  people's belief that they can perform those behaviors necessary to bring about control over events that influence their lives. 
B)  people's belief that their particular lifestyle is a healthy one even when it is not. 
C)  people's belief that a course of action will result in an ideal state of physical and psychological health. 
D)  people's attitude toward the inevitability of disease and death.

Question 20

The final stage of Weinstein's precaution adoption process model centers on

Accepted Answer

A)  the optimistic bias. 
B)  maintaining the precaution. 
C)  becoming aware of the danger. 
D)  accepting personal responsibility. 
A)  the optimistic bias. 
B)  maintaining the precaution. 
C)  becoming aware of the danger. 
D)  accepting personal responsibility.

Economic factors may exert a negative effect on adherence by

One recent study used the theory of planned behavior to understand gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption.This study found that men,in comparison to women,have:

For the past three years,Loran has been following his doctor's advice to cut down on his consumption of red meat and to eat more fruits and vegetables.With regard to protecting himself against heart disease,Loran is currently in which stage of the transtheoretical model?

In Stage 2 of the precaution adoption process model,people are aware of a hazard,but they believe that others are at risk,and they are not.This attitude is called

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine

Patients' self-reports of adherence

The behavioral model utilizes components of operant conditioning to understand health behavior change.

In assessing the rate of adherence,physician's estimates are typically more accurate than the patients' judgments.

The effects of anxiety on failure to comply are __,and the effects of depression are _.

Gina smokes two packs of cigarettes a day,but lately she has begun to seriously think about quitting.According to the transtheoretical model,Gina is in the _____ stage.

Contrary to common sense,people with strong social support are less likely to adhere to medical advice.

In general,adherence rates average about 75% to 80%.

When examining how age relates to adherence,individuals who are young and individuals who are old have the lowest rates of adherence.

What are stage theories of health behavior change? How do they differ from continuum theories?

_____ is an individual's perceptions of how much control exists over one's behavior,and is one factor that determines intentions in the theory of planned behavior.

Patients' records of their own rate of adherence may lack validity because

What assessment issues have an impact on understanding adherence rates?

For individuals who are depressed,their risk of nonadherence is ____ greater than individuals who are not depressed.

Self-efficacy refers to

The final stage of Weinstein's precaution adoption process model centers on

Introducing Health Psychology

Conducting Health Research

Seeking and Receiving Health Care

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress

Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease

Understanding and Managing Pain

Considering Alternative Approaches

Behavioral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

Behavioral Factors in Cancer

Living With Chronic Illness

Smoking Tobacco

Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

Eating and Weight

Exercising

Future Challenges

Filters

Exam 4: Adhering to Healthy Behavior

Economic factors may exert a negative effect on adherence by

One recent study used the theory of planned behavior to understand gender differences in fruit and vegetable consumption.This study found that men,in comparison to women,have:

For the past three years,Loran has been following his doctor's advice to cut down on his consumption of red meat and to eat more fruits and vegetables.With regard to protecting himself against heart disease,Loran is currently in which stage of the transtheoretical model?

In Stage 2 of the precaution adoption process model,people are aware of a hazard,but they believe that others are at risk,and they are not.This attitude is called

Those who do not share the cultural beliefs of Western medicine

Patients' self-reports of adherence

The behavioral model utilizes components of operant conditioning to understand health behavior change.

In assessing the rate of adherence,physician's estimates are typically more accurate than the patients' judgments.

The effects of anxiety on failure to comply are ______,and the effects of depression are _____.

Gina smokes two packs of cigarettes a day,but lately she has begun to seriously think about quitting.According to the transtheoretical model,Gina is in the _____ stage.

Contrary to common sense,people with strong social support are less likely to adhere to medical advice.

In general,adherence rates average about 75% to 80%.

When examining how age relates to adherence,individuals who are young and individuals who are old have the lowest rates of adherence.

What are stage theories of health behavior change? How do they differ from continuum theories?

_____ is an individual's perceptions of how much control exists over one's behavior,and is one factor that determines intentions in the theory of planned behavior.

Patients' records of their own rate of adherence may lack validity because

What assessment issues have an impact on understanding adherence rates?

For individuals who are depressed,their risk of nonadherence is ____ greater than individuals who are not depressed.

Self-efficacy refers to

The final stage of Weinstein's precaution adoption process model centers on

Introducing Health Psychology

Conducting Health Research

Seeking and Receiving Health Care

Defining, Measuring, and Managing Stress

Understanding Stress, Immunity, and Disease

Understanding and Managing Pain

Considering Alternative Approaches

Behavioral Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

Behavioral Factors in Cancer

Living With Chronic Illness

Smoking Tobacco

Using Alcohol and Other Drugs

Eating and Weight

Exercising

Future Challenges

Filters

The effects of anxiety on failure to comply are __,and the effects of depression are _.