Question 1

Discuss the limitations of Correlational information?

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary. Correlational information can reveal relationships between variables, but it does not show cause and effect. It may seem logical to assume that exposure to violent media makes people more aggressive, but it may also be that more aggressive people choose violent media. This research bias is termed a selection factor. Similarly, studies report that children (especially boys) in divorced families tend to show more behavioral problems than children in intact families (Potter, 2010; Vélez et al., 2011). These studies, however, do not show that divorce causes these adjustment problems.

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the scope of the biological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  It deals with the ways in which children encode information. 
B)  It examines how children learn to act by observing models. 
C)  It observes children going through stages of psychosexual development. 
D)  It refers to the development connected with hormones, heredity, and reproduction. 
A)  It deals with the ways in which children encode information. 
B)  It examines how children learn to act by observing models. 
C)  It observes children going through stages of psychosexual development. 
D)  It refers to the development connected with hormones, heredity, and reproduction. D

Question 3

The nervous systems of most, and perhaps all, animals are "prewired" to respond to some situations in specific ways.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Robbie is a four-year-old who goes to a play school when his mother goes to work. He spends his weekdays in this school, and he gets to play with other children who are his age and also listen to rhymes and stories from his teacher. Which of the following systems is represented by Robbie's play school?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mesosystem 
B)  The exosystem 
C)  The microsystem 
D)  The macrosystem 
A)  The mesosystem 
B)  The exosystem 
C)  The microsystem 
D)  The macrosystem

Question 5

From his research on intelligence tests, Piaget concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children's incorrect answers followed consistent cognitive processes. 
B)  children's incorrect answers demonstrated their logical mental processes. 
C)  children's incorrect answers resulted from inconsistent cognitive processing. 
D)  children's incorrect answers resulted from unstructured mental processing. 
A)  children's incorrect answers followed consistent cognitive processes. 
B)  children's incorrect answers demonstrated their logical mental processes. 
C)  children's incorrect answers resulted from inconsistent cognitive processing. 
D)  children's incorrect answers resulted from unstructured mental processing.

Question 6

Dr. Manquero forms a hypothesis that ingesting chocolate prior to an exam will improve exam performance. She gives the experimental group chocolate and does not give the control group anything. She then gives the participants an exam. In this experiment, which of the following is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  The group that receives nothing 
B)  The group that eats chocolate 
C)  The performance on the exam 
D)  The amount of chocolate consumed 
A)  The group that receives nothing 
B)  The group that eats chocolate 
C)  The performance on the exam 
D)  The amount of chocolate consumed

Question 7

Case study involves detailing an account of the behavior of multiple subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In the context of the nature-nurture controversy, nature refers to the influence of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity 
B)  nutrition 
C)  culture 
D)  environment 
A)  heredity 
B)  nutrition 
C)  culture 
D)  environment

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jonathan jumps when he hears loud thunder. 
B)  Nicholas is not given any dessert because he did not eat his vegetables at dinner. 
C)  Gina watches her mother whip up cookie dough, and she mimics her mother's behavior. 
D)  Sara stops having temper tantrums in public when her father begins ignoring her. 
A)  Jonathan jumps when he hears loud thunder. 
B)  Nicholas is not given any dessert because he did not eat his vegetables at dinner. 
C)  Gina watches her mother whip up cookie dough, and she mimics her mother's behavior. 
D)  Sara stops having temper tantrums in public when her father begins ignoring her.

Question 10

Janice, a six-year-old, was always given dolls as presents by her parents. Her uncle decided to gift her a toy gun and a remote controlled monster truck on her birthday, but Janice did not even touch those toys and continued to play with her dolls. In this scenario, which of the following theories can be attributed to Janice's preference in toys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychodynamic theory 
B)  Cognitive theory 
C)  Psychosocial theory 
D)  Learning theory 
A)  Psychodynamic theory 
B)  Cognitive theory 
C)  Psychosocial theory 
D)  Learning theory

Question 11

Which of the following is a similarity between Freud's and Erikson's psychoanalytic theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both are types of stage theories. 
B)  Both are exclusively nature theories. 
C)  Both are exclusively nurture theories 
D)  Both are quantitative theories. 
A)  Both are types of stage theories. 
B)  Both are exclusively nature theories. 
C)  Both are exclusively nurture theories 
D)  Both are quantitative theories.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs as a result of innate processes. 
B)  It occurs as a result of the effects a behavior causes. 
C)  It occurs because of the mental evaluation of a situation. 
D)  It occurs because of the pairing of two stimuli to produce a response. 
A)  It occurs as a result of innate processes. 
B)  It occurs as a result of the effects a behavior causes. 
C)  It occurs because of the mental evaluation of a situation. 
D)  It occurs because of the pairing of two stimuli to produce a response.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of Freud's legacy for future thinkers?

Accepted Answer

A)  His focus on the scientific method has led to stronger ways of studying human development. 
B)  His emphasis on evolutionary changes has led to further research on behavioral changes in each generation. 
C)  His focus on the importance of genetics has led to modern researchers understanding how genetics and environment intersect. 
D)  His emphasis on the emotional needs of children has influenced how educators understand children's behaviors. 
A)  His focus on the scientific method has led to stronger ways of studying human development. 
B)  His emphasis on evolutionary changes has led to further research on behavioral changes in each generation. 
C)  His focus on the importance of genetics has led to modern researchers understanding how genetics and environment intersect. 
D)  His emphasis on the emotional needs of children has influenced how educators understand children's behaviors.

Question 14

In the context of the ecological systems theory of development, the _____ involves the interactions of the various settings within the microsystem.

Accepted Answer

A)  mesosystem 
B)  endosystem 
C)  chronosystem 
D)  exosystem 
A)  mesosystem 
B)  endosystem 
C)  chronosystem 
D)  exosystem

Question 15

Independent variables are manipulated by experimenters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

James is a chain smoker, and when he's not smoking he is chewing gum. According to Freud, James is likely fixated on the _____ of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  anal stage 
B)  oral stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  genital stage 
A)  anal stage 
B)  oral stage 
C)  phallic stage 
D)  genital stage

Question 17

In the context of human development, which of the following is true of the chronosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves interactions in the school and the larger community. 
B)  It involves interactions based on the cultural settings of the individual. 
C)  It involves interactions with environmental changes that occur over the life course. 
D)  It involves interactions based on care giving with parents and others. 
A)  It involves interactions in the school and the larger community. 
B)  It involves interactions based on the cultural settings of the individual. 
C)  It involves interactions with environmental changes that occur over the life course. 
D)  It involves interactions based on care giving with parents and others.

Question 18

According to Freud, the ________ represents our biological drives. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  superego 
B)  id 
C)  ego 
D)  subconscious 
A)  superego 
B)  id 
C)  ego 
D)  subconscious

Question 19

Paul believes that the manner in which people interact with each other and the environment in which they live in are critical to understanding human development. He is most likely studying the _____ on human development.

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary perspective 
B)  cognitive perspective 
C)  ecological perspective 
D)  ethological perspective 
A)  evolutionary perspective 
B)  cognitive perspective 
C)  ecological perspective 
D)  ethological perspective

Question 20

Which of the following is true of the ego according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is biologically based and present at birth. 
B)  It is driven by the quest for pleasure. 
C)  It forces us to follow rules and acts as a moral base. 
D)  It makes plans that are socially appropriate. 
A)  It is biologically based and present at birth. 
B)  It is driven by the quest for pleasure. 
C)  It forces us to follow rules and acts as a moral base. 
D)  It makes plans that are socially appropriate.

Discuss the limitations of Correlational information?

Which of the following is true of the scope of the biological perspective?

The nervous systems of most, and perhaps all, animals are "prewired" to respond to some situations in specific ways.

From his research on intelligence tests, Piaget concluded that:

Case study involves detailing an account of the behavior of multiple subjects.

In the context of the nature-nurture controversy, nature refers to the influence of _____.

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Which of the following is a similarity between Freud's and Erikson's psychoanalytic theories?

Which of the following is true of operant conditioning?

Which of the following is true of Freud's legacy for future thinkers?

In the context of the ecological systems theory of development, the _____ involves the interactions of the various settings within the microsystem.

Independent variables are manipulated by experimenters.

James is a chain smoker, and when he's not smoking he is chewing gum. According to Freud, James is likely fixated on the _____ of development.

In the context of human development, which of the following is true of the chronosystem?

According to Freud, the ________ represents our biological drives.

Paul believes that the manner in which people interact with each other and the environment in which they live in are critical to understanding human development. He is most likely studying the _____ on human development.

Which of the following is true of the ego according to Freud?

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

Discuss the limitations of Correlational information?

Which of the following is true of the scope of the biological perspective?

The nervous systems of most, and perhaps all, animals are "prewired" to respond to some situations in specific ways.

From his research on intelligence tests, Piaget concluded that:

Case study involves detailing an account of the behavior of multiple subjects.

In the context of the nature-nurture controversy, nature refers to the influence of _____.

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Which of the following is a similarity between Freud's and Erikson's psychoanalytic theories?

Which of the following is true of operant conditioning?

Which of the following is true of Freud's legacy for future thinkers?

In the context of the ecological systems theory of development, the _____ involves the interactions of the various settings within the microsystem.

Independent variables are manipulated by experimenters.

James is a chain smoker, and when he's not smoking he is chewing gum. According to Freud, James is likely fixated on the _____ of development.

In the context of human development, which of the following is true of the chronosystem?

According to Freud, the ________ represents our biological drives. ​

Paul believes that the manner in which people interact with each other and the environment in which they live in are critical to understanding human development. He is most likely studying the _____ on human development.

Which of the following is true of the ego according to Freud?

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Lifes

Filters

According to Freud, the ________ represents our biological drives.