Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

Which of the following is true of fixation in the oral stage?

Betty is a two-year old. She starts screaming and crying every time her mother makes her drink a glass of milk. She continues to behave this way till her mother takes the glass away and tells her she does not need to drink it. According to Freud, which part of Betty's personality is responsible for this behavior?

In the context of experiments, experimental outcomes reflect the chance factors and not treatment.

Describe the naturalistic-observation studies method for studying development.

Gina's mother is a vice president in a large company. Her work requires long hours at the office. As a result, she is unable to make it to Gina's soccer games. Which of the following systems is represented by Gina's mother's workplace?

John Locke suggested that a child came into the world as ___________.

The ecological systems theory of development states that only genetic factors are worth studying.

Which of the following perspectives of child development is Arnold Gesell credited with?

Discuss the role of extinction in altering behavior.

Which of the following methods of study is advocated by Urie Bronfenbrenner?

According to Erikson, which of the following is true of early experiences?

Natalia is a grown woman who still sucks her thumb when she is nervous. Her co-workers notice her behavior but are too polite to mention it. According to Freud, Natalia is fixated at the _____ of development.

In _____, the same people are observed repeatedly over time, and changes in development, such as gains in height or changes in mental abilities, are recorded.

Which of the following is a similarity between John Watson's school of behaviorism and John Locke's concept of tabula rasa?

Peter believes that the best way to raise his son is by prompting and reprimanding him whenever he does something wrong and rewarding him whenever he does something that he thinks is right. Peter believes that he has to be involved in shaping the child's behavior. Peter's ideas agree best with the philosopher _____.

The _____ approach broadens the strategies for intervention in problems such as prevention of teenage pregnancy, child abuse, and juvenile offending, including substance use disorders.

Which of the following is true of Jean Piaget's view of children?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that children were born inherently evil.

Operant conditioning is used every day in the _____ of young children.

Which of the following is the most important reason for having ethical guidelines about how research must be conducted?