Question 1

Wilhelmina is lifting a weight in her hand by bending her elbow. When it bends, the flexor muscles connected to her elbow relax.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Fast-twitch fibers contract up to _________ times more rapidly than slow-twitch fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  12 
A)  2 
B)  5 
C)  10 
D)  12 C

Question 3

Action potentials in muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A)  do not occur. 
B)  spread out in two directions on either side of a receptor site. 
C)  travel in only one direction, from one end of a muscle fiber to the other. 
D)  lead to multiple twitches in that fiber. 
A)  do not occur. 
B)  spread out in two directions on either side of a receptor site. 
C)  travel in only one direction, from one end of a muscle fiber to the other. 
D)  lead to multiple twitches in that fiber. B

Question 4

Reciprocal inhibition is a simple type of _________ reflex.

Accepted Answer

A)  monosynaptic 
B)  polysynaptic 
C)  flexion 
D)  withdrawal 
A)  monosynaptic 
B)  polysynaptic 
C)  flexion 
D)  withdrawal

Question 5

If Trey wanted to straighten a joint, he would need his muscles known as

Accepted Answer

A)  extensors. 
B)  flexors. 
C)  antagonists. 
D)  relaxers. 
A)  extensors. 
B)  flexors. 
C)  antagonists. 
D)  relaxers.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about muscle movement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The only thing that muscles can do is contract. 
B)  A single muscle can bend a joint by contracting and straighten it by relaxing. 
C)  Smooth muscles cause movement by contracting, while striated muscles cause movement by contracting and relaxing. 
D)  Striated muscles cause movement by contracting, but smooth muscles cause movement by contracting and relaxing. 
A)  The only thing that muscles can do is contract. 
B)  A single muscle can bend a joint by contracting and straighten it by relaxing. 
C)  Smooth muscles cause movement by contracting, while striated muscles cause movement by contracting and relaxing. 
D)  Striated muscles cause movement by contracting, but smooth muscles cause movement by contracting and relaxing.

Question 7

Describe current hypotheses regarding the causes of Parkinson's disease.

Accepted Answer

The factors responsible for the degenera

Question 8

The basal ganglia influence voluntary movement by

Accepted Answer

A)  directly inhibiting the thalamus, which in turn influences the premotor cortex and SMA. 
B)  directly inhibiting the premotor cortex and SMA, which in turn influences the thalamus. 
C)  making direct connections with primary motor cortex. 
D)  directly activating the thalamus, which in turn influences pre-SMA and SMA. 
A)  directly inhibiting the thalamus, which in turn influences the premotor cortex and SMA. 
B)  directly inhibiting the premotor cortex and SMA, which in turn influences the thalamus. 
C)  making direct connections with primary motor cortex. 
D)  directly activating the thalamus, which in turn influences pre-SMA and SMA.

Question 9

Elaine has suffered a spinal cord injury. It is likely that she has had a loss of ____ muscle fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-twitch 
B)  slow-twitch and fast-twitch 
C)  fast-twitch 
D)  autonomic 
A)  slow-twitch 
B)  slow-twitch and fast-twitch 
C)  fast-twitch 
D)  autonomic

Question 10

Slow-twitch muscle fibers are to _______ as fast-twitch muscle fibers are to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ia; Ib 
B)  IIa; Ia 
C)  I; IIa and IIb 
D)  IIb; IIa 
A)  Ia; Ib 
B)  IIa; Ia 
C)  I; IIa and IIb 
D)  IIb; IIa

Question 11

Stem cell transplantation in animals has been used successfully to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  polio. 
B)  myasthenia gravis. 
C)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
D)  Parkinson's disease. 
A)  polio. 
B)  myasthenia gravis. 
C)  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 
D)  Parkinson's disease.

Question 12

Traditional therapy for Parkinson's disease often includes

Accepted Answer

A)  medication to inhibit dopamine production. 
B)  medication to stimulate dopamine production. 
C)  gene replacement therapy. 
D)  caspase inhibitors. 
A)  medication to inhibit dopamine production. 
B)  medication to stimulate dopamine production. 
C)  gene replacement therapy. 
D)  caspase inhibitors.

Question 13

In adult humans, alpha motor neurons are

Accepted Answer

A)  small and unmyelinated. 
B)  small and myelinated. 
C)  large and unmyelinated. 
D)  large and myelinated. 
A)  small and unmyelinated. 
B)  small and myelinated. 
C)  large and unmyelinated. 
D)  large and myelinated.

Question 14

Kathleen is at a party and has consumed some alcohol. The first brain region to be inhibited (resulting in Kathleen having coordination problems) is the

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  putamen. 
D)  caudate nucleus. 
A)  basal ganglia. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  putamen. 
D)  caudate nucleus.

Question 15

Greg is watching his older brother strum various chords on a guitar since his brother has had more lessons and holds his hands in the correct position. Likely, Greg's _____ neurons are active while he is watching.

Accepted Answer

A)  vector 
B)  reciprocal 
C)  mirror 
D)  pyramidal 
A)  vector 
B)  reciprocal 
C)  mirror 
D)  pyramidal

Question 16

Given what you know, would you rather be diagnosed with myasthenia gravis or polio? Back up your choice with evidence about the symptoms and potential treatments for each disorder.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary depending on choice. S

Question 17

One major difference between striated and smooth muscles is that

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth muscles move the voluntary system and striated muscles move automatic systems. 
B)  striated muscles are responsible for fast twitch and smooth muscles are responsible for slow twitch. 
C)  striated muscles move mostly voluntary systems while smooth muscles move involuntary, automatic systems. 
D)  smooth muscles are made up of myofibrils and striated muscles are made up of only sarcomeres. 
A)  smooth muscles move the voluntary system and striated muscles move automatic systems. 
B)  striated muscles are responsible for fast twitch and smooth muscles are responsible for slow twitch. 
C)  striated muscles move mostly voluntary systems while smooth muscles move involuntary, automatic systems. 
D)  smooth muscles are made up of myofibrils and striated muscles are made up of only sarcomeres.

Question 18

When an Olympic weightlifter uses explosive strength to lift a personal best, the _________ fibers in her legs are probably the most active, but the marathon runner relies on her _________ fibers.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-twitch; fast-twitch 
B)  fast-twitch; slow-twitch 
C)  Type I; Type III 
D)  Type III; Type II 
A)  slow-twitch; fast-twitch 
B)  fast-twitch; slow-twitch 
C)  Type I; Type III 
D)  Type III; Type II

Question 19

The lateral pathway originates in the _________ and controls _________ movements.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral cortex; voluntary 
B)  cerebral cortex; automatic 
C)  brainstem; voluntary 
D)  brainstem; automatic 
A)  cerebral cortex; voluntary 
B)  cerebral cortex; automatic 
C)  brainstem; voluntary 
D)  brainstem; automatic

Question 20

The coroner of a small town was sent a body to examine. The coroner explained to her technician that the body had rigor mortis because of

Accepted Answer

A)  a drop in ACh levels after death. 
B)  a lack of energy needed to separate actin and myosin molecules. 
C)  an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations after death. 
D)  the breakdown of troponin molecules after death. 
A)  a drop in ACh levels after death. 
B)  a lack of energy needed to separate actin and myosin molecules. 
C)  an increase in intracellular calcium concentrations after death. 
D)  the breakdown of troponin molecules after death.

Wilhelmina is lifting a weight in her hand by bending her elbow. When it bends, the flexor muscles connected to her elbow relax.

Fast-twitch fibers contract up to _________ times more rapidly than slow-twitch fibers.

Action potentials in muscle fibers

Reciprocal inhibition is a simple type of _________ reflex.

If Trey wanted to straighten a joint, he would need his muscles known as

Which of the following statements about muscle movement is true?

Describe current hypotheses regarding the causes of Parkinson's disease.

The basal ganglia influence voluntary movement by

Elaine has suffered a spinal cord injury. It is likely that she has had a loss of ____ muscle fibers.

Slow-twitch muscle fibers are to _ as fast-twitch muscle fibers are to _.

Stem cell transplantation in animals has been used successfully to treat

Traditional therapy for Parkinson's disease often includes

In adult humans, alpha motor neurons are

Kathleen is at a party and has consumed some alcohol. The first brain region to be inhibited (resulting in Kathleen having coordination problems) is the

Greg is watching his older brother strum various chords on a guitar since his brother has had more lessons and holds his hands in the correct position. Likely, Greg's _____ neurons are active while he is watching.

Given what you know, would you rather be diagnosed with myasthenia gravis or polio? Back up your choice with evidence about the symptoms and potential treatments for each disorder.

One major difference between striated and smooth muscles is that

When an Olympic weightlifter uses explosive strength to lift a personal best, the _ fibers in her legs are probably the most active, but the marathon runner relies on her _ fibers.

The lateral pathway originates in the _ and controls _ movements.

The coroner of a small town was sent a body to examine. The coroner explained to her technician that the body had rigor mortis because of

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 8: Movement

Wilhelmina is lifting a weight in her hand by bending her elbow. When it bends, the flexor muscles connected to her elbow relax.

Fast-twitch fibers contract up to _________ times more rapidly than slow-twitch fibers.

Action potentials in muscle fibers

Reciprocal inhibition is a simple type of _________ reflex.

If Trey wanted to straighten a joint, he would need his muscles known as

Which of the following statements about muscle movement is true?

Describe current hypotheses regarding the causes of Parkinson's disease.

The basal ganglia influence voluntary movement by

Elaine has suffered a spinal cord injury. It is likely that she has had a loss of ____ muscle fibers.

Slow-twitch muscle fibers are to _______ as fast-twitch muscle fibers are to _______.

Stem cell transplantation in animals has been used successfully to treat

Traditional therapy for Parkinson's disease often includes

In adult humans, alpha motor neurons are

Kathleen is at a party and has consumed some alcohol. The first brain region to be inhibited (resulting in Kathleen having coordination problems) is the

Greg is watching his older brother strum various chords on a guitar since his brother has had more lessons and holds his hands in the correct position. Likely, Greg's _____ neurons are active while he is watching.

Given what you know, would you rather be diagnosed with myasthenia gravis or polio? Back up your choice with evidence about the symptoms and potential treatments for each disorder.

One major difference between striated and smooth muscles is that

When an Olympic weightlifter uses explosive strength to lift a personal best, the _________ fibers in her legs are probably the most active, but the marathon runner relies on her _________ fibers.

The lateral pathway originates in the _________ and controls _________ movements.

The coroner of a small town was sent a body to examine. The coroner explained to her technician that the body had rigor mortis because of

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Slow-twitch muscle fibers are to _ as fast-twitch muscle fibers are to _.

When an Olympic weightlifter uses explosive strength to lift a personal best, the _ fibers in her legs are probably the most active, but the marathon runner relies on her _ fibers.

The lateral pathway originates in the _ and controls _ movements.