Question 1

Ion pumps differ from ion channels in that

Accepted Answer

A)  they allow different types of ions to cross the neural membrane. 
B)  pumps respond to ligands and drugs, whereas channels respond to the electrical environment in their immediate vicinity. 
C)  channels require energy to operate, whereas pumps do not. 
D)  pumps require energy to function, whereas channels do not. 
A)  they allow different types of ions to cross the neural membrane. 
B)  pumps respond to ligands and drugs, whereas channels respond to the electrical environment in their immediate vicinity. 
C)  channels require energy to operate, whereas pumps do not. 
D)  pumps require energy to function, whereas channels do not. D

Question 2

Calcium channels

Accepted Answer

A)  are evenly distributed down the length of the axon. 
B)  are rare along the length of the axon but are found in large quantities on the axon terminal. 
C)  are rare at the axon terminal but are found in large quantities down the length of the axon. 
D)  occur on the cell body and dendrites but rarely on axons. 
A)  are evenly distributed down the length of the axon. 
B)  are rare along the length of the axon but are found in large quantities on the axon terminal. 
C)  are rare at the axon terminal but are found in large quantities down the length of the axon. 
D)  occur on the cell body and dendrites but rarely on axons. B

Question 3

The absolute refractory period occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)  the cell is hyperpolarized, requiring a larger than normal stimulus in order to form another action potential. 
B)  it takes time for the sodium-potassium pumps to return ion concentrations to the normal resting state. 
C)  only one action potential at a time can travel the length of an axon. 
D)  sodium channels cannot reopen until the membrane regains its resting potential. 
A)  the cell is hyperpolarized, requiring a larger than normal stimulus in order to form another action potential. 
B)  it takes time for the sodium-potassium pumps to return ion concentrations to the normal resting state. 
C)  only one action potential at a time can travel the length of an axon. 
D)  sodium channels cannot reopen until the membrane regains its resting potential. D

Question 4

Neurons that are specialized to transmit commands from the CNS to glands and muscles are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neurons. 
B)  motor neurons. 
C)  unipolar neurons. 
D)  interneurons. 
A)  sensory neurons. 
B)  motor neurons. 
C)  unipolar neurons. 
D)  interneurons.

Question 5

Von Economo neurons probably participate in which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  assessing and performing complex social behaviors 
B)  regulation of important body functions, including temperature, hunger, and thirst 
C)  processing of complex visual stimuli 
D)  reflexive motor behaviors 
A)  assessing and performing complex social behaviors 
B)  regulation of important body functions, including temperature, hunger, and thirst 
C)  processing of complex visual stimuli 
D)  reflexive motor behaviors

Question 6

Compared with segments of unmyelinated axon membrane, channels at a node of Ranvier are

Accepted Answer

A)  about the same density. 
B)  about half the density. 
C)  approximately twice as dense. 
D)  approximately 10 times as dense. 
A)  about the same density. 
B)  about half the density. 
C)  approximately twice as dense. 
D)  approximately 10 times as dense.

Question 7

Which of the types of cytoskeleton fiber run parallel to the length of axons, providing structural support for the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  microfilaments 
B)  neurofilaments 
C)  tau proteins 
D)  microtubules 
A)  microfilaments 
B)  neurofilaments 
C)  tau proteins 
D)  microtubules

Question 8

The vast majority of neurons are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory neurons. 
B)  motor neurons. 
C)  spinal neurons. 
D)  interneurons. 
A)  sensory neurons. 
B)  motor neurons. 
C)  spinal neurons. 
D)  interneurons.

Question 9

Neurochemicals travel through the extracellular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid to influence distant cells in a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  saltatory conduction. 
B)  passive conduction. 
C)  volume transmission. 
D)  wiring transmission. 
A)  saltatory conduction. 
B)  passive conduction. 
C)  volume transmission. 
D)  wiring transmission.

Question 10

The initial cone-shaped segment of an axon at the junction with the cell body is known as the axon

Accepted Answer

A)  spine. 
B)  spike. 
C)  hillock. 
D)  terminal. 
A)  spine. 
B)  spike. 
C)  hillock. 
D)  terminal.

Question 11

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occur in response to the opening of ________ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  voltage-dependent sodium 
B)  ligand-gated sodium 
C)  voltage-dependent potassium or chloride 
D)  ligand-gated potassium or chloride 
A)  voltage-dependent sodium 
B)  ligand-gated sodium 
C)  voltage-dependent potassium or chloride 
D)  ligand-gated potassium or chloride

Question 12

When chemical communication at a synapse is terminated by the recapture of neurotransmitter molecules by the presynaptic neuron, we refer to the process as

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion. 
B)  enzymatic deactivation. 
C)  reuptake. 
D)  second messaging. 
A)  diffusion. 
B)  enzymatic deactivation. 
C)  reuptake. 
D)  second messaging.

Question 13

Protein structures on the postsynaptic neuron that have recognition sites located on the channel protein are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  ionotropic receptors. 
B)  metabotropic receptors. 
C)  autoreceptors. 
D)  transporter molecules. 
A)  ionotropic receptors. 
B)  metabotropic receptors. 
C)  autoreceptors. 
D)  transporter molecules.

Question 14

When an axo-axonic synapse results in a decrease of neurotransmitter released by a target axon, which of the following processes has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal summation 
B)  spatial summation 
C)  presynaptic facilitation 
D)  presynaptic inhibition 
A)  temporal summation 
B)  spatial summation 
C)  presynaptic facilitation 
D)  presynaptic inhibition

Question 15

Once an action potential occurs at the axon hillock, why is it replicated at the next node of Ranvier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Incoming sodium ions diffuse to the next node, pushing potassium ions ahead as well, and threshold will be attained. 
B)  The sodium-potassium pumps at the next node recapture sufficient potassium to reach threshold and trigger another action potential. 
C)  The action potential drifts passively down the length of the entire axon. 
D)  The occurrence of an action potential at the axon hillock attracts potassium from the adjacent node, and threshold will be attained. 
A)  Incoming sodium ions diffuse to the next node, pushing potassium ions ahead as well, and threshold will be attained. 
B)  The sodium-potassium pumps at the next node recapture sufficient potassium to reach threshold and trigger another action potential. 
C)  The action potential drifts passively down the length of the entire axon. 
D)  The occurrence of an action potential at the axon hillock attracts potassium from the adjacent node, and threshold will be attained.

Question 16

Action potentials and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  are always all-or-none. 
B)  last about the same amount of time. 
C)  involve voltage-dependent ion channels. 
D)  involve the movement of sodium into cells. 
A)  are always all-or-none. 
B)  last about the same amount of time. 
C)  involve voltage-dependent ion channels. 
D)  involve the movement of sodium into cells.

Question 17

The primary function of the neurofilaments is

Accepted Answer

A)  providing structural support for the neuron. 
B)  the transport of organelles to the end of the axon. 
C)  the transport of organelles back to the cell body. 
D)  increasing the permeability of the neuron's cellular membrane. 
A)  providing structural support for the neuron. 
B)  the transport of organelles to the end of the axon. 
C)  the transport of organelles back to the cell body. 
D)  increasing the permeability of the neuron's cellular membrane.

Question 18

The membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  resting potential. 
B)  threshold. 
C)  absolute refractory period. 
D)  relative refractory period. 
A)  resting potential. 
B)  threshold. 
C)  absolute refractory period. 
D)  relative refractory period.

Question 19

In the resting neuron, sodium is pushed

Accepted Answer

A)  out of the cell by diffusion and into the cell by electrostatic pressure. 
B)  out of the cell by electrostatic pressure and into the cell by diffusion. 
C)  out of the cell by both electrostatic pressure and diffusion. 
D)  into the cell by both electrostatic pressure and diffusion. 
A)  out of the cell by diffusion and into the cell by electrostatic pressure. 
B)  out of the cell by electrostatic pressure and into the cell by diffusion. 
C)  out of the cell by both electrostatic pressure and diffusion. 
D)  into the cell by both electrostatic pressure and diffusion.

Question 20

Which of the following statements correctly describes calcium's role in exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium has no role in exocytosis. 
B)  Calcium stimulates autoreceptors. 
C)  Calcium frees synaptic vesicles from their protein anchors. 
D)  Calcium moves neurotransmitter molecules back into synaptic vesicles. 
A)  Calcium has no role in exocytosis. 
B)  Calcium stimulates autoreceptors. 
C)  Calcium frees synaptic vesicles from their protein anchors. 
D)  Calcium moves neurotransmitter molecules back into synaptic vesicles.

Ion pumps differ from ion channels in that

Calcium channels

The absolute refractory period occurs because

Neurons that are specialized to transmit commands from the CNS to glands and muscles are known as

Von Economo neurons probably participate in which of the following functions?

Compared with segments of unmyelinated axon membrane, channels at a node of Ranvier are

Which of the types of cytoskeleton fiber run parallel to the length of axons, providing structural support for the cell?

The vast majority of neurons are classified as

Neurochemicals travel through the extracellular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid to influence distant cells in a process known as

The initial cone-shaped segment of an axon at the junction with the cell body is known as the axon

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occur in response to the opening of ________ channels.

When chemical communication at a synapse is terminated by the recapture of neurotransmitter molecules by the presynaptic neuron, we refer to the process as

Protein structures on the postsynaptic neuron that have recognition sites located on the channel protein are known as

When an axo-axonic synapse results in a decrease of neurotransmitter released by a target axon, which of the following processes has occurred?

Once an action potential occurs at the axon hillock, why is it replicated at the next node of Ranvier?

Action potentials and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are similar in that both

The primary function of the neurofilaments is

The membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered is known as the

In the resting neuron, sodium is pushed

Which of the following statements correctly describes calcium's role in exocytosis?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 3: Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Ion pumps differ from ion channels in that

Calcium channels

The absolute refractory period occurs because

Neurons that are specialized to transmit commands from the CNS to glands and muscles are known as

Von Economo neurons probably participate in which of the following functions?

Compared with segments of unmyelinated axon membrane, channels at a node of Ranvier are

Which of the types of cytoskeleton fiber run parallel to the length of axons, providing structural support for the cell?

The vast majority of neurons are classified as

Neurochemicals travel through the extracellular fluid and cerebrospinal fluid to influence distant cells in a process known as

The initial cone-shaped segment of an axon at the junction with the cell body is known as the axon

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) occur in response to the opening of ________ channels.

When chemical communication at a synapse is terminated by the recapture of neurotransmitter molecules by the presynaptic neuron, we refer to the process as

Protein structures on the postsynaptic neuron that have recognition sites located on the channel protein are known as

When an axo-axonic synapse results in a decrease of neurotransmitter released by a target axon, which of the following processes has occurred?

Once an action potential occurs at the axon hillock, why is it replicated at the next node of Ranvier?

Action potentials and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) are similar in that both

The primary function of the neurofilaments is

The membrane potential at which an action potential is triggered is known as the

In the resting neuron, sodium is pushed

Which of the following statements correctly describes calcium's role in exocytosis?

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters