Question 1

Which of the following processes represents the formation of a connection between two or more stimuli in one's environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive behaviors 
B)  reflexes 
C)  associative learning 
D)  non-associative learning 
A)  instinctive behaviors 
B)  reflexes 
C)  associative learning 
D)  non-associative learning

Question 2

In Pavlov's classic experiments with dogs and salivation, food serves as the

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 3

"Associativity" in the Hebbian synapse refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  use of the same type of neurotransmitter in both the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
B)  simultaneous activity of several synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  nearly simultaneous activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
D)  ability of the postsynaptic cell to use retrograde messengers such as nitric oxide (NO) to communicate with the presynaptic cell. 
A)  use of the same type of neurotransmitter in both the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
B)  simultaneous activity of several synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron. 
C)  nearly simultaneous activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons. 
D)  ability of the postsynaptic cell to use retrograde messengers such as nitric oxide (NO) to communicate with the presynaptic cell.

Question 4

The retrieval of personal episodic memories coincided with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If the translation of C/EBP? is prevented one hour before training,

Accepted Answer

A)  learning is prevented. 
B)  learning proceeds normally. 
C)  long-term memory is unaffected, but short-term memory is impaired. 
D)  short-term memory is unaffected, but long-term memory is impaired. 
A)  learning is prevented. 
B)  learning proceeds normally. 
C)  long-term memory is unaffected, but short-term memory is impaired. 
D)  short-term memory is unaffected, but long-term memory is impaired.

Question 6

Semantic knowledge appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)  widely distributed throughout the association cortex. 
B)  localized in the hippocampus. 
C)  localized in the occipital lobes. 
D)  localized in the frontal lobes. 
A)  widely distributed throughout the association cortex. 
B)  localized in the hippocampus. 
C)  localized in the occipital lobes. 
D)  localized in the frontal lobes.

Question 7

Luis developed anterograde amnesia when he was in his twenties due to surgery. You would expect him to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following tasks?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning to ride a bike 
B)  learning to swim 
C)  telling a joke he heard yesterday 
D)  telling a joke he heard when he was 10 
A)  learning to ride a bike 
B)  learning to swim 
C)  telling a joke he heard yesterday 
D)  telling a joke he heard when he was 10

Question 8

- LTD has been recorded in the structure labeled #____________________ in this illustration, which is a ____________________, when the structures labeled #____________________ and #____________________, known as ____________________ and ____________________, were simultaneously stimulated.

Accepted Answer

2, Purkinje cell, 1, 4, parall

Question 9

Which memories are easiest to demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory 
B)  procedural 
C)  semantic and episodic 
D)  explicit 
A)  sensory 
B)  procedural 
C)  semantic and episodic 
D)  explicit

Question 10

The process that occurs following a strong stimulus, when the responses to subsequent stimuli are increased, is called

Accepted Answer

A)  instinctive behavior. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  instinctive behavior. 
B)  habituation. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 11

Hyperthymesia results in

Accepted Answer

A)  superior procedural memory. 
B)  inferior procedural memory. 
C)  inferior episodic memory. 
D)  superior episodic memory. 
A)  superior procedural memory. 
B)  inferior procedural memory. 
C)  inferior episodic memory. 
D)  superior episodic memory.

Question 12

Classical conditioning involves mostly involuntary behaviors, while operant conditioning involves mostly voluntary behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

During which memory phase do actin filaments produce larger, stiffer dendritic spines?

Accepted Answer

A)  generation. 
B)  stabilization. 
C)  consolidation. 
D)  maintenance. 
A)  generation. 
B)  stabilization. 
C)  consolidation. 
D)  maintenance.

Question 14

Karl Lashley suggested that

Accepted Answer

A)  location of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
B)  the size of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
C)  size and location of a lesion were equally correlated with learned performance. 
D)  neither the size nor the location of a lesion was correlated with learned performance. 
A)  location of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
B)  the size of a lesion was the best predictor of learned performance. 
C)  size and location of a lesion were equally correlated with learned performance. 
D)  neither the size nor the location of a lesion was correlated with learned performance.

Question 15

Lesions in the striatum interfere with _________ memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural but not declarative 
B)  declarative but not procedural 
C)  both declarative and procedural 
D)  short-term but not long-term 
A)  procedural but not declarative 
B)  declarative but not procedural 
C)  both declarative and procedural 
D)  short-term but not long-term

Question 16

Classical conditioning in Aplysia results primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of larger amounts of neurotransmitter by the sensory neuron. 
B)  the release of smaller amounts of neurotransmitter by the sensory neuron. 
C)  increased sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
D)  larger numbers of active interneurons. 
A)  the release of larger amounts of neurotransmitter by the sensory neuron. 
B)  the release of smaller amounts of neurotransmitter by the sensory neuron. 
C)  increased sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
D)  larger numbers of active interneurons.

Question 17

When Thomas was a little boy, his mother often gave him a piece of candy whenever she had to bandage up a scraped elbow or knee. Now that Thomas is in college, he struggles with his weight because every time he feels sad or lonely, he craves something sweet to eat. It is likely that for Thomas, eating candy now serves as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 18

During which memory phase does brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) initiate the development of proteins that stabilize dendrite modifications?

Accepted Answer

A)  generation. 
B)  stabilization. 
C)  consolidation. 
D)  maintenance. 
A)  generation. 
B)  stabilization. 
C)  consolidation. 
D)  maintenance.

Question 19

A classic model suggested that the role of the hippocampus is to

Accepted Answer

A)  serve as a storage location for declarative memories. 
B)  serve as a storage location for procedural memories. 
C)  assist in the retrieval of memories stored in other locations. 
D)  transfer information from short-term memory into long-term memory. 
A)  serve as a storage location for declarative memories. 
B)  serve as a storage location for procedural memories. 
C)  assist in the retrieval of memories stored in other locations. 
D)  transfer information from short-term memory into long-term memory.

Question 20

Procedural memories involve a number of areas of the brain. Explain which areas are involved.

Accepted Answer

Procedural memories

Which of the following processes represents the formation of a connection between two or more stimuli in one's environment?

In Pavlov's classic experiments with dogs and salivation, food serves as the

"Associativity" in the Hebbian synapse refers to the

The retrieval of personal episodic memories coincided with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex.

If the translation of C/EBP? is prevented one hour before training,

Semantic knowledge appears to be

Luis developed anterograde amnesia when he was in his twenties due to surgery. You would expect him to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following tasks?

- LTD has been recorded in the structure labeled # in this illustration, which is a , when the structures labeled # and #, known as and , were simultaneously stimulated.

Which memories are easiest to demonstrate?

The process that occurs following a strong stimulus, when the responses to subsequent stimuli are increased, is called

Hyperthymesia results in

Classical conditioning involves mostly involuntary behaviors, while operant conditioning involves mostly voluntary behaviors.

During which memory phase do actin filaments produce larger, stiffer dendritic spines?

Karl Lashley suggested that

Lesions in the striatum interfere with _________ memories.

Classical conditioning in Aplysia results primarily from

During which memory phase does brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) initiate the development of proteins that stabilize dendrite modifications?

A classic model suggested that the role of the hippocampus is to

Procedural memories involve a number of areas of the brain. Explain which areas are involved.

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 12: Learning and Memory

Which of the following processes represents the formation of a connection between two or more stimuli in one's environment?

In Pavlov's classic experiments with dogs and salivation, food serves as the

"Associativity" in the Hebbian synapse refers to the

The retrieval of personal episodic memories coincided with increased activity in the prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex.

If the translation of C/EBP? is prevented one hour before training,

Semantic knowledge appears to be

Luis developed anterograde amnesia when he was in his twenties due to surgery. You would expect him to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following tasks?

- LTD has been recorded in the structure labeled #____________________ in this illustration, which is a ____________________, when the structures labeled #____________________ and #____________________, known as ____________________ and ____________________, were simultaneously stimulated.

Which memories are easiest to demonstrate?

The process that occurs following a strong stimulus, when the responses to subsequent stimuli are increased, is called

Hyperthymesia results in

Classical conditioning involves mostly involuntary behaviors, while operant conditioning involves mostly voluntary behaviors.

During which memory phase do actin filaments produce larger, stiffer dendritic spines?

Karl Lashley suggested that

Lesions in the striatum interfere with _________ memories.

Classical conditioning in Aplysia results primarily from

During which memory phase does brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) initiate the development of proteins that stabilize dendrite modifications?

A classic model suggested that the role of the hippocampus is to

Procedural memories involve a number of areas of the brain. Explain which areas are involved.

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Cognition

Emotion, Aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

- LTD has been recorded in the structure labeled # in this illustration, which is a , when the structures labeled # and #, known as and , were simultaneously stimulated.