Question 1

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane. 
B)  flagellum. 
C)  ribosome. 
D)  cell wall. 
E)  cytoplasm. 
A)  cell membrane. 
B)  flagellum. 
C)  ribosome. 
D)  cell wall. 
E)  cytoplasm.

Question 2

In areas of the world where malaria is endemic,people have a relatively high incidence of the allele for

Accepted Answer

A)  sickle cell. 
B)  blue eyes. 
C)  cystic fibrosis. 
D)  mental retardation. 
E)  hemophilia. 
A)  sickle cell. 
B)  blue eyes. 
C)  cystic fibrosis. 
D)  mental retardation. 
E)  hemophilia.

Question 3

All protists are single-celled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following phyla of fungi contain the organism responsible for Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascomycetes 
B)  Zygomycetes 
C)  Basidiomycetes 
D)  Chytridiomycetes 
A)  Ascomycetes 
B)  Zygomycetes 
C)  Basidiomycetes 
D)  Chytridiomycetes

Question 5

In the ecosystems of the world,fungi act primarily as

Accepted Answer

A)  decomposers. 
B)  autotrophs. 
C)  primary consumers. 
D)  secondary consumers. 
E)  photosynthesizers. 
A)  decomposers. 
B)  autotrophs. 
C)  primary consumers. 
D)  secondary consumers. 
E)  photosynthesizers.

Question 6

Which is the best description of the mutual benefit to both species found in a lichen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The autotroph provides food and the heterotroph provides water and minerals. 
B)  The autotroph prevents dehydration and the heterotroph provides energy. 
C)  The autotroph provides water and minerals and the heterotroph prevents dehydration. 
D)  The heterotroph protects the autotroph from predation. 
E)  The autotroph produces antibiotics to ward off infection to the heterotroph by bacteria. 
A)  The autotroph provides food and the heterotroph provides water and minerals. 
B)  The autotroph prevents dehydration and the heterotroph provides energy. 
C)  The autotroph provides water and minerals and the heterotroph prevents dehydration. 
D)  The heterotroph protects the autotroph from predation. 
E)  The autotroph produces antibiotics to ward off infection to the heterotroph by bacteria.

Question 7

Evidence supporting the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts in present-day cells originated as independent organisms includes

Accepted Answer

A)  similarities in DNA sequences between mitochondrial and bacterial genomes. 
B)  similarities in size and shape between mitochondria and some prokaryotes. 
C)  similarity between photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. 
D)  similarity in the way mitochondria, chloroplasts, and prokaryotes reproduce. 
E)  All answers are correct. 
A)  similarities in DNA sequences between mitochondrial and bacterial genomes. 
B)  similarities in size and shape between mitochondria and some prokaryotes. 
C)  similarity between photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. 
D)  similarity in the way mitochondria, chloroplasts, and prokaryotes reproduce. 
E)  All answers are correct.

Question 8

You are analyzing samples under a microscope,and one sample comes from what you suspect is a fungus.You find tiny filaments,which,in your report,you call

Accepted Answer

A)  hyphae. 
B)  spores. 
C)  fruiting bodies. 
D)  gills. 
E)  chitin. 
A)  hyphae. 
B)  spores. 
C)  fruiting bodies. 
D)  gills. 
E)  chitin.

Question 9

Escherichia coli and Salmonella can live in our intestines in the presence or absence of oxygen.They are considered

Accepted Answer

A)  obligate anaerobes. 
B)  phototrophs. 
C)  facultative anaerobes. 
D)  autotrophs. 
E)  aerobic. 
A)  obligate anaerobes. 
B)  phototrophs. 
C)  facultative anaerobes. 
D)  autotrophs. 
E)  aerobic.

Question 10

You are examining samples from a site in a dry pond that alternates between freezing cold winters and hot dry summers.When you find dormant thick-walled structures,you suspect that these are from bacteria and are

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmids. 
B)  pili. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  flagella. 
E)  endospores. 
A)  plasmids. 
B)  pili. 
C)  ribosomes. 
D)  flagella. 
E)  endospores.

Question 11

A mushroom is a dikaryotic structure of Basidiomycota.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Slime molds may exist as either single amoeboid cells or large masses of cells that behave as one multicellular organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A dinoflagellate has two flagella.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

How is the ability of phospholipids to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water important in the origin of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Membranes are used by cells to catalyze reactions. 
B)  Membranes are used by cells to store genetic information. 
C)  Membranes protect a cell from high temperatures and pressures in the environment. 
D)  Membranes are used by cells to isolate their contents from the environment. 
E)  Membranes protect a cell from gases in the atmosphere. 
A)  Membranes are used by cells to catalyze reactions. 
B)  Membranes are used by cells to store genetic information. 
C)  Membranes protect a cell from high temperatures and pressures in the environment. 
D)  Membranes are used by cells to isolate their contents from the environment. 
E)  Membranes protect a cell from gases in the atmosphere.

Question 15

Clostridium tetani,the bacterium that causes tetanus,can survive in soil for up to 40 years.It is most likely in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cell membrane 
B)  a nucleus 
C)  a cell wall 
D)  a pilus 
E)  an endospore 
A)  a cell membrane 
B)  a nucleus 
C)  a cell wall 
D)  a pilus 
E)  an endospore

Question 16

Photosynthesis probably originated during the ________ eon and most likely used ________ as an electron donor.

Accepted Answer

A)  Proterozoic; water 
B)  Archean; water 
C)  Archean; hydrogen sulfide 
D)  Proterozoic; hydrogen sulfide 
E)  Paleozoic; water 
A)  Proterozoic; water 
B)  Archean; water 
C)  Archean; hydrogen sulfide 
D)  Proterozoic; hydrogen sulfide 
E)  Paleozoic; water

Question 17

The first multicellular organisms probably arose about

Accepted Answer

A)  1.2 billion years ago. 
B)  500 million years ago. 
C)  two billion years ago. 
D)  3.5 billion years ago. 
E)  six billion years ago. 
A)  1.2 billion years ago. 
B)  500 million years ago. 
C)  two billion years ago. 
D)  3.5 billion years ago. 
E)  six billion years ago.

Question 18

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Accepted Answer

A)  six billion years ago. 
B)  six million years ago. 
C)  four billion years ago. 
D)  four million years ago. 
E)  one million years ago. 
A)  six billion years ago. 
B)  six million years ago. 
C)  four billion years ago. 
D)  four million years ago. 
E)  one million years ago.

Question 19

Associations of fungi and plant roots are called

Accepted Answer

A)  pili. 
B)  mycorrhizae. 
C)  lichens. 
D)  root forks. 
E)  endophytes. 
A)  pili. 
B)  mycorrhizae. 
C)  lichens. 
D)  root forks. 
E)  endophytes.

Question 20

DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protists evolved before the other three kingdoms. 
B)  Early ancestors to plants, fungi, and animals could interbreed. 
C)  Multicellular organisms arose only once in evolutionary history. 
D)  All unicellular organisms are now extinct. 
E)  The animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms contain some single-celled organisms. 
A)  Protists evolved before the other three kingdoms. 
B)  Early ancestors to plants, fungi, and animals could interbreed. 
C)  Multicellular organisms arose only once in evolutionary history. 
D)  All unicellular organisms are now extinct. 
E)  The animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms contain some single-celled organisms.

Exam 15: Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

In areas of the world where malaria is endemic,people have a relatively high incidence of the allele for

All protists are single-celled.

Which of the following phyla of fungi contain the organism responsible for Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight?

In the ecosystems of the world,fungi act primarily as

Which is the best description of the mutual benefit to both species found in a lichen?

Evidence supporting the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts in present-day cells originated as independent organisms includes

You are analyzing samples under a microscope,and one sample comes from what you suspect is a fungus.You find tiny filaments,which,in your report,you call

Escherichia coli and Salmonella can live in our intestines in the presence or absence of oxygen.They are considered

You are examining samples from a site in a dry pond that alternates between freezing cold winters and hot dry summers.When you find dormant thick-walled structures,you suspect that these are from bacteria and are

A mushroom is a dikaryotic structure of Basidiomycota.

Slime molds may exist as either single amoeboid cells or large masses of cells that behave as one multicellular organism.

A dinoflagellate has two flagella.

How is the ability of phospholipids to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water important in the origin of life on Earth?

Clostridium tetani,the bacterium that causes tetanus,can survive in soil for up to 40 years.It is most likely in which of the following structures?

Photosynthesis probably originated during the ________ eon and most likely used ________ as an electron donor.

The first multicellular organisms probably arose about

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Associations of fungi and plant roots are called

DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?

The Scientific Study of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cells

The Energy of Life

Photosynthesis

Respiration and Fermentation

DNA Structure and Gene Function

DNA Replication,Binary Fission,and Mitosis

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA Technology

Forces of Evolutionary Change

Evidence of Evolution

Speciation and Extinction

Evolution and Diversity of Plants

Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Populations

Communities and Ecosystems

Preserving Biodiversity

Plant Form and Function

Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

The Nervous System and the Senses

The Endocrine System

The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

The Digestive and Urinary Systems

The Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development

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Photosynthesis probably originated during the eon and most likely used as an electron donor.