Question 1

A child attempts to assimilate new information but cannot.How will the child cope with this inability?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child will ignore the contradiction. 
B)  The child may accommodate to restore equilibrium. 
C)  The child will accept the incongruity. 
D)  The child will give up and engage in another activity. 
A)  The child will ignore the contradiction. 
B)  The child may accommodate to restore equilibrium. 
C)  The child will accept the incongruity. 
D)  The child will give up and engage in another activity.

Question 2

MATCHING
-Reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) Children actively construct their knowledge. 
B) maturation 
C) theory of psychosocial development 
D) place information into existing schemas 
E) outside of awareness
F)using consequences to alter behaviour
G)Children are innately good.
H)first year of life
I)theory of psychosexual development
J)standardized intelligence test
K)Children are caught in conflicts.
L)begins in the third year of life
M)tested in experiments
N)decreases behaviour
O)modify schema to fit new information
P)cultural setting
Q)increases behaviour
R)Pavlov
S)what we are currently aware of
T)tabula rasa 
A) Children actively construct their knowledge. 
B) maturation 
C) theory of psychosocial development 
D) place information into existing schemas 
E) outside of awareness
F)using consequences to alter behaviour
G)Children are innately good.
H)first year of life
I)theory of psychosexual development
J)standardized intelligence test
K)Children are caught in conflicts.
L)begins in the third year of life
M)tested in experiments
N)decreases behaviour
O)modify schema to fit new information
P)cultural setting
Q)increases behaviour
R)Pavlov
S)what we are currently aware of
T)tabula rasa

Question 3

Four-year-old Janet took part in a research study on the effects of fruit juice consumption on obesity in children.When the study was published in a research journal, Janet's name appeared in the article.What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parental participation must be obtained. 
B)  Identities of children must remain confidential. 
C)  Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research. 
D)  The researchers must receive proper approval for conducting the study. 
A)  Parental participation must be obtained. 
B)  Identities of children must remain confidential. 
C)  Children and parents must be informed of the purposes of the research. 
D)  The researchers must receive proper approval for conducting the study.

Question 4

Negative reinforcement will decrease a desired behaviour when removed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to Freud's theory, what behaviour can result from becoming fixated during the anal stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  being overly dependent 
B)  being untidy and careless 
C)  being shy and overcautious 
D)  being very gullible (easily fooled) 
A)  being overly dependent 
B)  being untidy and careless 
C)  being shy and overcautious 
D)  being very gullible (easily fooled)

Question 6

Who conceptualized and introduced the concept of reinforcement into behaviourism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Watson 
D)  Piaget 
A)  Freud 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Watson 
D)  Piaget

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT emphasized by the sociocultural perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  diversity 
B)  ethnicity 
C)  gender 
D)  genetics 
A)  diversity 
B)  ethnicity 
C)  gender 
D)  genetics

Question 8

Which of the following is characteristic of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is usually more effective than reinforcement. 
B)  It is a good way to teach children how to deal with stress. 
C)  It does NOT suggest an alternative to unacceptable behaviour. 
D)  It is methodically planned and executed 
A)  It is usually more effective than reinforcement. 
B)  It is a good way to teach children how to deal with stress. 
C)  It does NOT suggest an alternative to unacceptable behaviour. 
D)  It is methodically planned and executed

Question 9

According to Freudian psychosexual theory, children develop significant sexual attachments to the same-sex parent during the genital stage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

MATCHING
-Unconscious

Accepted Answer

A) Children actively construct their knowledge. 
B) maturation 
C) theory of psychosocial development 
D) place information into existing schemas 
E) outside of awareness
F)using consequences to alter behaviour
G)Children are innately good.
H)first year of life
I)theory of psychosexual development
J)standardized intelligence test
K)Children are caught in conflicts.
L)begins in the third year of life
M)tested in experiments
N)decreases behaviour
O)modify schema to fit new information
P)cultural setting
Q)increases behaviour
R)Pavlov
S)what we are currently aware of
T)tabula rasa 
A) Children actively construct their knowledge. 
B) maturation 
C) theory of psychosocial development 
D) place information into existing schemas 
E) outside of awareness
F)using consequences to alter behaviour
G)Children are innately good.
H)first year of life
I)theory of psychosexual development
J)standardized intelligence test
K)Children are caught in conflicts.
L)begins in the third year of life
M)tested in experiments
N)decreases behaviour
O)modify schema to fit new information
P)cultural setting
Q)increases behaviour
R)Pavlov
S)what we are currently aware of
T)tabula rasa

Question 11

How were children viewed in ancient times and in the Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

A)  as essentially good 
B)  as innately evil 
C)  as a tabula rasa 
D)  as capable of reasoning 
A)  as essentially good 
B)  as innately evil 
C)  as a tabula rasa 
D)  as capable of reasoning

Question 12

What is Mark's conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched 
A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched

Question 13

What is the main concern of the nature-nurture debate?

Accepted Answer

A)  why genes are more influential in development than environment 
B)  why the environment is more important in development than evolution 
C)  the relationships between genetics, environment, and human development 
D)  the claim that females are more intelligent because of their genetic makeup 
A)  why genes are more influential in development than environment 
B)  why the environment is more important in development than evolution 
C)  the relationships between genetics, environment, and human development 
D)  the claim that females are more intelligent because of their genetic makeup

Question 14

Erikson's theory is completely dissimilar to Freud's.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do NOT have schemes. 
B)  They are incapable of cognition. 
C)  They are entirely dependent on reflexes for survival. 
D)  They have schemes that involve simply what they can and cannot do with objects. 
A)  They do NOT have schemes. 
B)  They are incapable of cognition. 
C)  They are entirely dependent on reflexes for survival. 
D)  They have schemes that involve simply what they can and cannot do with objects.

Question 16

What is Mark's unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched 
A)  saying "gotcha" 
B)  touching his neck 
C)  laughing when he hears "gotcha" 
D)  laughing when his neck is touched

Question 17

Which of the following statements is characteristic of Piaget's work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive developments are stage-based and universal. 
B)  Development is haphazard, random, and based on experience. 
C)  Perception is too directly linked to sensation to separate the two. 
D)  Children learn in different sequences that are based on their environments. 
A)  Cognitive developments are stage-based and universal. 
B)  Development is haphazard, random, and based on experience. 
C)  Perception is too directly linked to sensation to separate the two. 
D)  Children learn in different sequences that are based on their environments.

Question 18

Mary is holding her newborn daughter and comments on her gentle temperament.If Freud were in the room, what might he state is the only part of the child's personality that is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  her id 
B)  her ego 
C)  her superego 
D)  her subliminal ego 
A)  her id 
B)  her ego 
C)  her superego 
D)  her subliminal ego

Question 19

Dependent variables are measured results in an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The information-processing perspective describes how memory and problem-solving work.Which object is used as a metaphor for describing these processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  a computer 
B)  a camera 
C)  a camcorder 
D)  a digital clock 
A)  a computer 
B)  a camera 
C)  a camcorder 
D)  a digital clock

A child attempts to assimilate new information but cannot.How will the child cope with this inability?

MATCHING -Reinforcement

Four-year-old Janet took part in a research study on the effects of fruit juice consumption on obesity in children.When the study was published in a research journal, Janet's name appeared in the article.What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

Negative reinforcement will decrease a desired behaviour when removed.

According to Freud's theory, what behaviour can result from becoming fixated during the anal stage of development?

Who conceptualized and introduced the concept of reinforcement into behaviourism?

Which of the following is NOT emphasized by the sociocultural perspective?

Which of the following is characteristic of punishment?

According to Freudian psychosexual theory, children develop significant sexual attachments to the same-sex parent during the genital stage.

MATCHING -Unconscious

How were children viewed in ancient times and in the Middle Ages?

What is Mark's conditioned response?

What is the main concern of the nature-nurture debate?

Erikson's theory is completely dissimilar to Freud's.

Which of the following statements best describes infants?

What is Mark's unconditioned stimulus?

Which of the following statements is characteristic of Piaget's work?

Mary is holding her newborn daughter and comments on her gentle temperament.If Freud were in the room, what might he state is the only part of the child's personality that is present?

Dependent variables are measured results in an experiment.

The information-processing perspective describes how memory and problem-solving work.Which object is used as a metaphor for describing these processes?

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Life's

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

A child attempts to assimilate new information but cannot.How will the child cope with this inability?

MATCHING -Reinforcement

Four-year-old Janet took part in a research study on the effects of fruit juice consumption on obesity in children.When the study was published in a research journal, Janet's name appeared in the article.What guideline of ethical research involving children was violated?

Negative reinforcement will decrease a desired behaviour when removed.

According to Freud's theory, what behaviour can result from becoming fixated during the anal stage of development?

Who conceptualized and introduced the concept of reinforcement into behaviourism?

Which of the following is NOT emphasized by the sociocultural perspective?

Which of the following is characteristic of punishment?

According to Freudian psychosexual theory, children develop significant sexual attachments to the same-sex parent during the genital stage.

MATCHING -Unconscious

How were children viewed in ancient times and in the Middle Ages?

What is Mark's conditioned response?

What is the main concern of the nature-nurture debate?

Erikson's theory is completely dissimilar to Freud's.

Which of the following statements best describes infants?

What is Mark's unconditioned stimulus?

Which of the following statements is characteristic of Piaget's work?

Mary is holding her newborn daughter and comments on her gentle temperament.If Freud were in the room, what might he state is the only part of the child's personality that is present?

Dependent variables are measured results in an experiment.

The information-processing perspective describes how memory and problem-solving work.Which object is used as a metaphor for describing these processes?

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Life's

Filters