Question 1

Which of the following best describes the experience of most children during the 20th century?

Accepted Answer

A)  They received less education than during previous centuries. 
B)  They tended to marry at a younger age than during previous centuries. 
C)  They had greater legal protections compared with earlier periods of history. 
D)  They were considered the property of their parents and therefore the law did NOT protect them from physical and sexual abuse. 
A)  They received less education than during previous centuries. 
B)  They tended to marry at a younger age than during previous centuries. 
C)  They had greater legal protections compared with earlier periods of history. 
D)  They were considered the property of their parents and therefore the law did NOT protect them from physical and sexual abuse.

Question 2

Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the responsibility of the ego.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, approximately how many multicultural groupings are represented within Canadian society?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  150 
D)  200 
A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  150 
D)  200

Question 4

According to ethologists, fixed action patterns are learned behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which statement is characteristic of social cognitive theorists, such as Albert Bandura?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children learn through doing hands-on activities that are age appropriate. 
B)  Children learn much of what they learn through the observation of others. 
C)  Children do NOT learn by the use of such principles as reinforcement and punishment. 
D)  Children learn through activities that emphasis physical movement. 
A)  Children learn through doing hands-on activities that are age appropriate. 
B)  Children learn much of what they learn through the observation of others. 
C)  Children do NOT learn by the use of such principles as reinforcement and punishment. 
D)  Children learn through activities that emphasis physical movement.

Question 6

What observation caused Piaget to see children as "natural physicists"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children were at the mercy of their ids. 
B)  Children liked to experiment with their physical environments. 
C)  Children learned only through reinforcements and punishments. 
D)  Children had innate knowledge of their worlds, which was unaffected by experience. 
A)  Children were at the mercy of their ids. 
B)  Children liked to experiment with their physical environments. 
C)  Children learned only through reinforcements and punishments. 
D)  Children had innate knowledge of their worlds, which was unaffected by experience.

Question 7

Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test to identify which children may fall behind in school.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following does NOT describe how children have been viewed historically?

Accepted Answer

A)  as innately evil and in need of harsh discipline 
B)  as miniature adults after age 7, or the "age of reason" 
C)  as clean slates changed by experience 
D)  as cunning and capable of any deed required to meet their own selfish needs 
A)  as innately evil and in need of harsh discipline 
B)  as miniature adults after age 7, or the "age of reason" 
C)  as clean slates changed by experience 
D)  as cunning and capable of any deed required to meet their own selfish needs

Question 9

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory suggests that children passively respond to their environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What was the rationale for the first intelligence test?

Accepted Answer

A)  to identify children at risk of falling behind in school 
B)  to compare children of different racial and ethnic backgrounds 
C)  to measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children 
D)  to create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children 
A)  to identify children at risk of falling behind in school 
B)  to compare children of different racial and ethnic backgrounds 
C)  to measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children 
D)  to create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children

Question 11

What was the primary focus of Arnold Gesell's maturational perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of behaviour patterns 
B)  the effects of physical aspects of growth and development 
C)  the effects of heredity 
D)  the effects of biology 
A)  the effects of behaviour patterns 
B)  the effects of physical aspects of growth and development 
C)  the effects of heredity 
D)  the effects of biology

Question 12

According to operant conditioning, what leads to a changed behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  innate processes 
B)  reinforcements or punishments 
C)  mental evaluation of a situation 
D)  pairing two stimuli to produce a response 
A)  innate processes 
B)  reinforcements or punishments 
C)  mental evaluation of a situation 
D)  pairing two stimuli to produce a response

Question 13

What theorist from the 1700s would most likely have said: Every child I meet is an empty canvas waiting to be beautifully created?

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke 
B)  Alfred Binet 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau 
A)  John Locke 
B)  Alfred Binet 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 14

According to the textbook, how have children been viewed throughout history?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children have always been viewed in the same manner throughout history. 
B)  In the past, children were typically given more privileges than they have today. 
C)  In terms of their roles and privileges, children have been viewed differently throughout history. 
D)  Children today are considered to be young developing adults, whereas they were considered more childlike during the Middle Ages. 
A)  Children have always been viewed in the same manner throughout history. 
B)  In the past, children were typically given more privileges than they have today. 
C)  In terms of their roles and privileges, children have been viewed differently throughout history. 
D)  Children today are considered to be young developing adults, whereas they were considered more childlike during the Middle Ages.

Question 15

Punishments such as slapping are considered less effective than types of discipline that provide alternative, acceptable behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

How is negative reinforcement enacted?

Accepted Answer

A)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by administering a punishment 
B)  by eliminating an unwanted behaviour by administering something bad 
C)  by increasing a desired behaviour by taking away something unpleasant 
D)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by withholding something desired 
A)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by administering a punishment 
B)  by eliminating an unwanted behaviour by administering something bad 
C)  by increasing a desired behaviour by taking away something unpleasant 
D)  by decreasing an unwanted behaviour by withholding something desired

Question 17

Naturalistic observation can be used to study athletes from different sports.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Ethical guidelines dictate that research participants' identities remain confidential.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Subjects rarely drop out of long-term longitudinal research.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Researchers do NOT need to concern themselves about ethical considerations when designing an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following best describes the experience of most children during the 20th century?

Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the responsibility of the ego.

According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, approximately how many multicultural groupings are represented within Canadian society?

According to ethologists, fixed action patterns are learned behaviours.

Which statement is characteristic of social cognitive theorists, such as Albert Bandura?

What observation caused Piaget to see children as "natural physicists"?

Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test to identify which children may fall behind in school.

Which of the following does NOT describe how children have been viewed historically?

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory suggests that children passively respond to their environments.

What was the rationale for the first intelligence test?

What was the primary focus of Arnold Gesell's maturational perspective?

According to operant conditioning, what leads to a changed behaviour?

What theorist from the 1700s would most likely have said: Every child I meet is an empty canvas waiting to be beautifully created?

According to the textbook, how have children been viewed throughout history?

Punishments such as slapping are considered less effective than types of discipline that provide alternative, acceptable behaviours.

How is negative reinforcement enacted?

Naturalistic observation can be used to study athletes from different sports.

Ethical guidelines dictate that research participants' identities remain confidential.

Subjects rarely drop out of long-term longitudinal research.

Researchers do NOT need to concern themselves about ethical considerations when designing an experiment.

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Life's

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theories, and Methods

Which of the following best describes the experience of most children during the 20th century?

Erikson's psychosocial theory emphasizes the responsibility of the ego.

According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, approximately how many multicultural groupings are represented within Canadian society?

According to ethologists, fixed action patterns are learned behaviours.

Which statement is characteristic of social cognitive theorists, such as Albert Bandura?

What observation caused Piaget to see children as "natural physicists"?

Alfred Binet developed the first intelligence test to identify which children may fall behind in school.

Which of the following does NOT describe how children have been viewed historically?

Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory suggests that children passively respond to their environments.

What was the rationale for the first intelligence test?

What was the primary focus of Arnold Gesell's maturational perspective?

According to operant conditioning, what leads to a changed behaviour?

What theorist from the 1700s would most likely have said: Every child I meet is an empty canvas waiting to be beautifully created?

According to the textbook, how have children been viewed throughout history?

Punishments such as slapping are considered less effective than types of discipline that provide alternative, acceptable behaviours.

How is negative reinforcement enacted?

Naturalistic observation can be used to study athletes from different sports.

Ethical guidelines dictate that research participants' identities remain confidential.

Subjects rarely drop out of long-term longitudinal research.

Researchers do NOT need to concern themselves about ethical considerations when designing an experiment.

Heredity and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World

Infancy: Physical Development

Infancy: Cognitive Development

Infancy: Social and Emotional Development

Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development

Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development

Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development

Life's

Filters