Question 1

The nervous system

Accepted Answer

A) provides a support system for the body. 
B) controls the movement of muscles. 
C) contracts and generates a force to cause bodily motion. 
D) provides nutrients and nourishment for surrounding cells. 
A) provides a support system for the body. 
B) controls the movement of muscles. 
C) contracts and generates a force to cause bodily motion. 
D) provides nutrients and nourishment for surrounding cells.

Question 2

The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are

Accepted Answer

A) neurofibrils. 
B) chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies). 
C) axons. 
D) dendrites. 
A) neurofibrils. 
B) chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies). 
C) axons. 
D) dendrites.

Question 3

A drug that functions as an agonist

Accepted Answer

A) activates a receptor, helping a neurotransmitter bind or triggering an action potential in some other way. 
B) causes great pain if taken in too high a dose. 
C) blocks a receptor so that the neurotransmitter cannot bind. 
D) relieves pain. 
A) activates a receptor, helping a neurotransmitter bind or triggering an action potential in some other way. 
B) causes great pain if taken in too high a dose. 
C) blocks a receptor so that the neurotransmitter cannot bind. 
D) relieves pain.

Question 4

A(n)________ is the junction between neurons.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)________ is the junction between neurons....

Question 5

What is the correct sequence of events along an axon that follows a membrane reaching threshold potential? 1. The membrane depolarizes.
2) Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward.
3) The membrane repolarizes.
4) Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward.

Accepted Answer

A) 3, 2, 4, 1 
B) 2, 1, 4, 3 
C) 1, 2, 4, 3 
D) 4, 1, 3, 2 
A) 3, 2, 4, 1 
B) 2, 1, 4, 3 
C) 1, 2, 4, 3 
D) 4, 1, 3, 2

Question 6

A neuron in the aorta detects oxygen content in the blood and relays this information to the brain. This neuron is a ________ of the ________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) effector; afferent 
B) effector; efferent 
C) sensory receptor; afferent 
D) sensory receptor; efferent 
A) effector; afferent 
B) effector; efferent 
C) sensory receptor; afferent 
D) sensory receptor; efferent

Question 7

A myelinated nerve fiber is ________, whereas an unmyelinated nerve fiber is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord 
B) white, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord 
C) white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord 
D) white, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; red, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord 
A) gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord 
B) white, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord 
C) white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord 
D) white, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; red, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Because the response of a nerve fiber is all-or-none, a greater intensity of stimulus does not produce a stronger impulse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Myelin

Accepted Answer

A) is released from a neuron and travels to another neuron. 
B) consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon. 
C) is produced in response to bacterial infection. 
D) is a form of chromatophilic substance that fills Schwann cells. 
A) is released from a neuron and travels to another neuron. 
B) consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon. 
C) is produced in response to bacterial infection. 
D) is a form of chromatophilic substance that fills Schwann cells.

Question 10

The resting cell membrane is more permeable to which ion?

Accepted Answer

A) Potassium 
B) Sodium 
C) Calcium 
D) Magnesium 
A) Potassium 
B) Sodium 
C) Calcium 
D) Magnesium

Question 11

Enkephalins are neuropeptides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A test organism develops a genetic mutation that causes neurons to develop without synaptic knobs. How will this impact neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

A) Signal transduction down the axon will be interrupted, so the signal will not "jump" the synapse and reach the postsynaptic neuron. 
B) The dendrites of the postsynaptic neurons will have no means to attach to presynaptic axons. 
C) No neurotransmitters will be released into the synapse to signal the postsynaptic neuron, as the synaptic knob is where they are stored. 
D) Action potentials will not travel down the axon nearly as rapidly. 
A) Signal transduction down the axon will be interrupted, so the signal will not "jump" the synapse and reach the postsynaptic neuron. 
B) The dendrites of the postsynaptic neurons will have no means to attach to presynaptic axons. 
C) No neurotransmitters will be released into the synapse to signal the postsynaptic neuron, as the synaptic knob is where they are stored. 
D) Action potentials will not travel down the axon nearly as rapidly.

Question 13

Neurotransmitters that are modified amino acids are

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. 
B) enkephalins, endorphins, and substance P. 
C) aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and GABA. 
D) potassium, sodium, and calcium ions. 
A) dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. 
B) enkephalins, endorphins, and substance P. 
C) aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and GABA. 
D) potassium, sodium, and calcium ions.

Question 14

The dendrites of a neuron interact with several different axon terminals. Some of them are sending excitatory signals, while others are sending inhibitory signals. Over the course of the effects of these signals, the neuronal membrane potential reaches around -90mV. This means, overall, that the neuron will be

Accepted Answer

A) excited enough to easily cross threshold and generate an action potential. 
B) excited, but not enough to cross threshold. 
C) stabilized to remain at resting potential. 
D) inhibited from generating action potentials. 
A) excited enough to easily cross threshold and generate an action potential. 
B) excited, but not enough to cross threshold. 
C) stabilized to remain at resting potential. 
D) inhibited from generating action potentials.

Question 15

In order for a severed peripheral nerve to regenerate and recover its original function, nerve fibers must sprout and enter tubes formed by

Accepted Answer

A) basement membranes and connective tissues. 
B) former axons. 
C) myelin. 
D) nodes of Ranvier. 
A) basement membranes and connective tissues. 
B) former axons. 
C) myelin. 
D) nodes of Ranvier.

Question 16

A positive feedback loop occurs when the outcome of an event causes the event to continue occurring and amplifies its effects. Which of the following aspects of an action potential constitutes a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

A) An initial flow of sodium ions into the neuron opens voltage-gated sodium channels, rapidly causing more sodium to enter. 
B) Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open and release potassium to the extracellular environment, slowly counteracting sodium influx. 
C) The sodium-potassium pump exactly balances ion leaks by pumping three sodium and two potassium ions across the membrane. 
D) The threshold potential is around -55mV. 
A) An initial flow of sodium ions into the neuron opens voltage-gated sodium channels, rapidly causing more sodium to enter. 
B) Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open and release potassium to the extracellular environment, slowly counteracting sodium influx. 
C) The sodium-potassium pump exactly balances ion leaks by pumping three sodium and two potassium ions across the membrane. 
D) The threshold potential is around -55mV.

Question 17

Neural stem cells can be harvested from autopsies and stored, alive, in banks, whereas neurons cannot, because

Accepted Answer

A) people do not will them to science. 
B) neural stem cells have lower oxygen and energy requirements than neurons. 
C) neural stem cells have higher oxygen and energy requirements than neurons. 
D) neural stem cells have more globular shapes than neurons. 
A) people do not will them to science. 
B) neural stem cells have lower oxygen and energy requirements than neurons. 
C) neural stem cells have higher oxygen and energy requirements than neurons. 
D) neural stem cells have more globular shapes than neurons.

Question 18

Which of the following is unique to neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) Golgi apparatus 
B) Chromatophilic substance 
C) Mitochondrion 
D) Lysosome 
A) Golgi apparatus 
B) Chromatophilic substance 
C) Mitochondrion 
D) Lysosome

Question 19

The brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A reason that the axons in the CNS and PNS differ in their ability to regenerate after injury is that

Accepted Answer

A) axons of the CNS lack myelin. 
B) axons of the CNS lack neurilemmae. 
C) peripheral nerves lack Schwann cells. 
D) peripheral nerves lack endoneurium. 
A) axons of the CNS lack myelin. 
B) axons of the CNS lack neurilemmae. 
C) peripheral nerves lack Schwann cells. 
D) peripheral nerves lack endoneurium.

Exam 10: Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

The nervous system

The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are

A drug that functions as an agonist

A(n)________ is the junction between neurons.

What is the correct sequence of events along an axon that follows a membrane reaching threshold potential? 1. The membrane depolarizes. 2) Sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward. 3) The membrane repolarizes. 4) Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward.

A neuron in the aorta detects oxygen content in the blood and relays this information to the brain. This neuron is a ________ of the ________ pathway.

A myelinated nerve fiber is ________, whereas an unmyelinated nerve fiber is ________.

Because the response of a nerve fiber is all-or-none, a greater intensity of stimulus does not produce a stronger impulse.

Myelin

The resting cell membrane is more permeable to which ion?

Enkephalins are neuropeptides.

A test organism develops a genetic mutation that causes neurons to develop without synaptic knobs. How will this impact neuronal function?

Neurotransmitters that are modified amino acids are

In order for a severed peripheral nerve to regenerate and recover its original function, nerve fibers must sprout and enter tubes formed by

A positive feedback loop occurs when the outcome of an event causes the event to continue occurring and amplifies its effects. Which of the following aspects of an action potential constitutes a positive feedback loop?

Neural stem cells can be harvested from autopsies and stored, alive, in banks, whereas neurons cannot, because

Which of the following is unique to neurons?

The brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system.

A reason that the axons in the CNS and PNS differ in their ability to regenerate after injury is that

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System II: Divisions of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

A neuron in the aorta detects oxygen content in the blood and relays this information to the brain. This neuron is a of the pathway.

A myelinated nerve fiber is , whereas an unmyelinated nerve fiber is .