Question 1

Which of the following would be considered a strength of the natural experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) occurs in a very realistic and consequential setting 
B) excellent at uncovering the mechanism that produces the outcome 
C) easy for researchers to stay attuned to the world around them while waiting for a natural experiment to happen 
D) so realistic that the results are highly generalizable 
A) occurs in a very realistic and consequential setting 
B) excellent at uncovering the mechanism that produces the outcome 
C) easy for researchers to stay attuned to the world around them while waiting for a natural experiment to happen 
D) so realistic that the results are highly generalizable A

Question 2

What is a characteristic of physiological measures?

Accepted Answer

A) One single physiological response can precisely measure the dependent variable being studied. 
B) Physiological measures are unhelpful in uncovering processes that produce social outcomes. 
C) Physiological measures are more susceptible to social desirability biases than other measures. 
D) It can be difficult and expensive to collect physiological measures in the laboratory. 
A) One single physiological response can precisely measure the dependent variable being studied. 
B) Physiological measures are unhelpful in uncovering processes that produce social outcomes. 
C) Physiological measures are more susceptible to social desirability biases than other measures. 
D) It can be difficult and expensive to collect physiological measures in the laboratory. D

Question 3

In establishing causality,which of the following conditions,in practice,is the MOST challenging?

Accepted Answer

A) There must exist an independent and dependent variable at the same time. 
B) The two variables must be correlated. 
C) The cause must precede the effect in repeated experiments. 
D) The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable must not be caused by some other factor. 
A) There must exist an independent and dependent variable at the same time. 
B) The two variables must be correlated. 
C) The cause must precede the effect in repeated experiments. 
D) The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable must not be caused by some other factor. D

Question 4

What is the defining feature of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) observation of natural variation of the independent variable 
B) observation of natural variation of the dependent variable 
C) intentional manipulation of the independent variable 
D) intentional control for other factors that might affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables 
A) observation of natural variation of the independent variable 
B) observation of natural variation of the dependent variable 
C) intentional manipulation of the independent variable 
D) intentional control for other factors that might affect the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

Question 5

Where do laboratory experiments take place?

Accepted Answer

A) in a setting that gives researchers little control over the environment 
B) in a setting where factors unintentionally interfere with the results 
C) in a setting where the experimenter ensures that participants notice the manipulation of the independent variable 
D) in a setting where clear manipulation of the independent variable is difficult to achieve 
A) in a setting that gives researchers little control over the environment 
B) in a setting where factors unintentionally interfere with the results 
C) in a setting where the experimenter ensures that participants notice the manipulation of the independent variable 
D) in a setting where clear manipulation of the independent variable is difficult to achieve

Question 6

Design an experiment with low external validity.Describe it in a paragraph.Think of two ways in which you could increase external validity.Write a paragraph on each.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.Students could mention

Question 7

Juan is doing a study on obedience to authority.He will be using paid actors to act as authority figures.These paid actors are known as

Accepted Answer

A) confederates. 
B) a control group. 
C) an experimental group. 
D) auditors. 
A) confederates. 
B) a control group. 
C) an experimental group. 
D) auditors.

Question 8

The degree to which a study establishes a causal effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is known as

Accepted Answer

A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) salience. 
A) internal validity. 
B) external validity. 
C) reliability. 
D) salience.

Question 9

The ________ condition is a condition in an experiment where the independent variable is manipulated.

Accepted Answer

A) control 
B) experimental 
C) random assignment 
D) within-subject design 
A) control 
B) experimental 
C) random assignment 
D) within-subject design

Question 10

Blackwell and colleagues conducted an experiment on seventh graders in a New York City school to assess whether teaching students that intelligence was a malleable rather than a fixed trait could improve students' classroom motivation and mathematical performance.This experiment is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory experiment. 
B) field experiment. 
C) population-based survey experiment. 
D) natural experiment. 
A) laboratory experiment. 
B) field experiment. 
C) population-based survey experiment. 
D) natural experiment.

Question 11

Compared to the within-subject design,what is a characteristic of the between-subject design?

Accepted Answer

A) requires fewer participants 
B) gives the researcher more control over unrelated factors 
C) more possible to conduct 
D) may make participants suspicious about the study hypothesis 
A) requires fewer participants 
B) gives the researcher more control over unrelated factors 
C) more possible to conduct 
D) may make participants suspicious about the study hypothesis

Question 12

What is a characteristic of a natural experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants are assigned to conditions by experimental procedures. 
B) Participants are randomly assigned. 
C) Experimenters manipulate the independent variable. 
D) It is more observational than a true experiment. 
A) Participants are assigned to conditions by experimental procedures. 
B) Participants are randomly assigned. 
C) Experimenters manipulate the independent variable. 
D) It is more observational than a true experiment.

Question 13

Which of the following is essential for establishing causality?

Accepted Answer

A) random assignment 
B) convenience assignment 
C) double-barreled questions 
D) response set 
A) random assignment 
B) convenience assignment 
C) double-barreled questions 
D) response set

Question 14

Biological responses to stimuli are known as ________ measures.

Accepted Answer

A) behavioral 
B) attitudinal 
C) physiological 
D) longitudinal 
A) behavioral 
B) attitudinal 
C) physiological 
D) longitudinal

Question 15

Experiments that rely on survey methods and are conducted on a representative sample of the population of interest are known as ________ experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory 
B) field 
C) population-based survey 
D) natural 
A) laboratory 
B) field 
C) population-based survey 
D) natural

Question 16

Using the motherhood penalty as an example,compare the survey method with the experiment.What are the advantages of each? Explain why experiments are especially good for assessing whether gender inequalities are caused by discrimination.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.Students should note t

Question 17

When answering a question about church attendance on a survey,Anita falsely answers that she went to church last week when she did not.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) social desirability bias. 
B) salience. 
C) spuriousness. 
D) triangulation. 
A) social desirability bias. 
B) salience. 
C) spuriousness. 
D) triangulation.

Question 18

The figure below suggests that the results of the survey research

Accepted Answer

A) were in stark contrast to what Devah Pager found in her audit study of the same employers. 
B) largely confirmed what Devah Pager found in her audit study of the same employers. 
C) showed that employers are generally honest with respect to their hiring practices. 
D) confirmed that whites with a criminal record were significantly more likely to be hired than blacks without a criminal record. 
A) were in stark contrast to what Devah Pager found in her audit study of the same employers. 
B) largely confirmed what Devah Pager found in her audit study of the same employers. 
C) showed that employers are generally honest with respect to their hiring practices. 
D) confirmed that whites with a criminal record were significantly more likely to be hired than blacks without a criminal record.

Question 19

What is a characteristic of the population-based survey experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) higher degree of external validity than laboratory or field experiments 
B) high control over all features of the experimental setting 
C) high confidence that the manipulation of the independent variable was salient and clear to all participants 
D) high confidence that the causal relationship was accurately assessed 
A) higher degree of external validity than laboratory or field experiments 
B) high control over all features of the experimental setting 
C) high confidence that the manipulation of the independent variable was salient and clear to all participants 
D) high confidence that the causal relationship was accurately assessed

Question 20

Propose an experiment that demonstrates the three key features of experiments.In your answer,
(1)identify the independent variable and dependent variable, (2)discuss how the independent variable will be manipulated, (3)identify the experimental condition and control condition, (4)discuss how subjects will be randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group, (5)discuss how other factors are controlled,and (6)discuss how your experiment addresses the question of demonstrating causality.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.The student should men

Which of the following would be considered a strength of the natural experiment?

What is a characteristic of physiological measures?

In establishing causality,which of the following conditions,in practice,is the MOST challenging?

What is the defining feature of an experiment?

Where do laboratory experiments take place?

Design an experiment with low external validity.Describe it in a paragraph.Think of two ways in which you could increase external validity.Write a paragraph on each.

Juan is doing a study on obedience to authority.He will be using paid actors to act as authority figures.These paid actors are known as

The degree to which a study establishes a causal effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is known as

The ________ condition is a condition in an experiment where the independent variable is manipulated.

Blackwell and colleagues conducted an experiment on seventh graders in a New York City school to assess whether teaching students that intelligence was a malleable rather than a fixed trait could improve students' classroom motivation and mathematical performance.This experiment is an example of a

Compared to the within-subject design,what is a characteristic of the between-subject design?

What is a characteristic of a natural experiment?

Which of the following is essential for establishing causality?

Biological responses to stimuli are known as ________ measures.

Experiments that rely on survey methods and are conducted on a representative sample of the population of interest are known as ________ experiments.

Using the motherhood penalty as an example,compare the survey method with the experiment.What are the advantages of each? Explain why experiments are especially good for assessing whether gender inequalities are caused by discrimination.

When answering a question about church attendance on a survey,Anita falsely answers that she went to church last week when she did not.This is an example of

The figure below suggests that the results of the survey research

What is a characteristic of the population-based survey experiment?

The Art and Science of Social Research: An Introduction

Research Foundations: Linking Sociological Theory to Research

Ethical Issues in Social Science Research

From Concepts to Models: Hypotheses, Operationalization, and Measurement

Evaluating Research: Reliability and Validity

Sampling Strategies

Evaluation Research

Ethnography

In-Depth Interviewing

Materials-Based Methods

Social Network Analysis

Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Quantitative Data

Multivariate and Advanced Quantitative Methods

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Communicating Social Science Research Findings

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental Research

Which of the following would be considered a strength of the natural experiment?

What is a characteristic of physiological measures?

In establishing causality,which of the following conditions,in practice,is the MOST challenging?

What is the defining feature of an experiment?

Where do laboratory experiments take place?

Design an experiment with low external validity.Describe it in a paragraph.Think of two ways in which you could increase external validity.Write a paragraph on each.

Juan is doing a study on obedience to authority.He will be using paid actors to act as authority figures.These paid actors are known as

The degree to which a study establishes a causal effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is known as

The ________ condition is a condition in an experiment where the independent variable is manipulated.

Blackwell and colleagues conducted an experiment on seventh graders in a New York City school to assess whether teaching students that intelligence was a malleable rather than a fixed trait could improve students' classroom motivation and mathematical performance.This experiment is an example of a

Compared to the within-subject design,what is a characteristic of the between-subject design?

What is a characteristic of a natural experiment?

Which of the following is essential for establishing causality?

Biological responses to stimuli are known as ________ measures.

Experiments that rely on survey methods and are conducted on a representative sample of the population of interest are known as ________ experiments.

Using the motherhood penalty as an example,compare the survey method with the experiment.What are the advantages of each? Explain why experiments are especially good for assessing whether gender inequalities are caused by discrimination.

When answering a question about church attendance on a survey,Anita falsely answers that she went to church last week when she did not.This is an example of

The figure below suggests that the results of the survey research

What is a characteristic of the population-based survey experiment?

The Art and Science of Social Research: An Introduction

Research Foundations: Linking Sociological Theory to Research

Ethical Issues in Social Science Research

From Concepts to Models: Hypotheses, Operationalization, and Measurement

Evaluating Research: Reliability and Validity

Sampling Strategies

Evaluation Research

Ethnography

In-Depth Interviewing

Materials-Based Methods

Social Network Analysis

Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Quantitative Data

Multivariate and Advanced Quantitative Methods

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Communicating Social Science Research Findings

Filters