Exam 2: Studying Groups
Dr.Bynamic studies group performance by watching same- and mixed-sex groups in the library,and recording how much time they spend talking versus studying.Bynamic is using a(n)___ measurement method.
C
Ed wants to know if having an audience helps people perform better.He has half the subjects complete a test in front of an audience (three confederates)and the other half complete the test alone.He then compares subjects' scores.Identify the (a)type of study (b)independent variable and (c)dependent variable.
A:
(a) Type of study:
The type of study described is an experimental study. This is because Ed is actively manipulating one variable (presence of an audience) to observe its effect on another variable (test scores). In experimental studies, participants are typically assigned to different conditions, and the researcher controls the environment to isolate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable.
(b) Independent variable:
The independent variable in this study is the presence of an audience. This is the variable that Ed is manipulating by having one group of subjects complete the test in front of an audience and the other group complete the test alone. The independent variable is the presumed cause or condition that is expected to produce an effect on the dependent variable.
(c) Dependent variable:
The dependent variable is the subjects' test scores. This is the outcome that Ed is measuring to determine if there is an effect from the presence of the audience. The dependent variable is what is being affected during the experiment and is dependent on the independent variable. It is the presumed effect or outcome that the researcher is interested in observing and measuring.
The Interaction Process Analysis (IPA)is a method for participants in an experiment to evaluate how friendly or unfriendly other group members are.
False
Jill thinks that mixed-sex groups (ones with both males and females)make better decisions than same-sex groups.Therefore,she creates ten mixed-sex groups and ten same-sex groups,and asks them to answer a series of math problems.In this study,the independent variable is
Bainbridge's analysis of an online gaming community (World of Warcraft)indicated that
Many years ago,researchers found that observers' preconceptions and biases influence their observations of groups.Researchers turned to ___ observational methods to solve this problem.
A cognitive theorist's most basic assumption is that behaviors that are followed by rewards will occur more frequently in the future.
Develop a theoretical model that explains why groups tend to select men rather than women as their leaders.Be certain to describe the motivational,behavioral,systems,cognitive,and biological foundations of your framework.
Online groups cannot be studied using observational methods because their interactions take place in virtual reality.
Hawthorne effects are less likely when researchers use covert observational methods.
Which of the following is an example of a systems theory approach?
Instead of studying a group in the lab,I decide to observe groups in a natural setting.I am studying ___ groups.
Laboratory studies of group phenomena can be criticized most for
Which of the following is NOT necessarily a key element of scientific research?
What is a correlation coefficient? Give several examples of correlations and be sure to interpret the nature and strength of the relationship described.
Mark thinks that mixed-sex groups (ones with both males and females)make better decisions than same-sex groups.Therefore,he creates ten mixed-sex groups and ten same-sex groups,and asks them to answer a series of math problems.In this study,the dependent variable is
A qualitative study is a better "quality" study because its results can be described numerically.
What are the relative strengths and weaknesses of observational methods and self-report methods of measurement?
I believe that when people work in groups each member mentally sizes up every other member.The members then let those who seem to know the most about the task at hand-or just seem generally knowledgeable about groups-have a larger say in the group's process.This theory probably has elements of several theoretical approaches,but if you focus on the theory's most CENTRAL assumptions you would call it a ___ theory.
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