Exam 2: Studying Groups

Briefly explain the Hawthorne effect.What implications does this effect have for observational techniques?

The strongest correlation is +1 meaning that X perfectly predicts Y,and the weakest correlation is -1 meaning X is unrelated to Y.

Dana is deciding which group to join.To make her decision,Dana makes lists of the positives and the negatives of each one.After looking over the list,she decides to join the group with the most appealing characteristics.This decision is most consistent with ___ theory.

You wish to determine,as precisely as possible,the strength of the relationship between two variables.You will most likely conduct a(n)___ study.

Bales solved the objectivity problem in group observers by

In what instances would researchers use a nonexperimental design over an experimental one? How does the type of design affect the determination of causation?

Sociometry is generally used to measure

The ___ for group dynamics includes certain beliefs-often held only implicitly-that define researchers' assumptions about group phenomena and the methods they should use to study these phenomena.

Which is the best example of a multi-level analysis?

I believe that the best way to improve groups is to reward the members when they perform well.I am a(n)___ theorist.

Which of the following statements is true?

The IPA and the SYMLOG method are similar in that they both are ___ observational methods.

Self-report measures are best used when collecting data on personality and feelings-areas where the participants are willing to disclose their personal attitudes and opinions.

A researcher wanted to observe a group but was afraid that his or her presence would cause group members to question and rethink their decisions.The researcher decided to join the group and observe members without their knowledge.This is known as a(n)___ observational method.

Jacob recently joined a selective group.To become a member of the group,Jacob had to go through a series of initiations with other potential members.Jacob's old friends notice that he is doing things he normally would not (e.g. ,stealing,excessive drinking).Use Lewin's field theory to explain Jacob's behavior.

Sherif demonstrated that norms

You are interested in studying the relationship between individual group members' political attitudes and their desire to be the leader of their group.You should probably use ___ measures.

Experimental methods support causal conclusions.

You wish to test the hypothesis that cohesive groups outperform noncohesive groups.Describe three methods you could use to measure cohesiveness.

A measure can be reliable without being valid.