Question 1

International environmental agreements tend not to have independent procedures for dispute resolution because:

Accepted Answer

A) international organizations have the authority to compel compliance. 
B) such agreements involve few distributional issues. 
C) the use of carrots and sticks by member states has been proven successful. 
D) states rarely disagree about compliance for treaties. 
A) international organizations have the authority to compel compliance. 
B) such agreements involve few distributional issues. 
C) the use of carrots and sticks by member states has been proven successful. 
D) states rarely disagree about compliance for treaties. C

Question 2

What is a public good?

Accepted Answer

A) A good that is nonexcludable but rival in consumption. 
B) A cost or benefit for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action. 
C) An effect created by the interaction between two states. 
D) A good that is nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption. 
A) A good that is nonexcludable but rival in consumption. 
B) A cost or benefit for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action. 
C) An effect created by the interaction between two states. 
D) A good that is nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption. D

Question 3

Explain how transnational advocacy networks help implement international environmental agreements.

Accepted Answer

This answer should focus on the role TANs play in verifying compliance,particularly with regard to encouraging self-reporting by governments.

Question 4

Why has cooperation in restoring the ozone been more successful than efforts to address climate change?

Accepted Answer

Answers should discuss the role of privi

Question 5

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily responsible for our current concerns about global warming?

Accepted Answer

A) Methane 
B) Water vapor 
C) Carbon dioxide 
D) Ozone 
A) Methane 
B) Water vapor 
C) Carbon dioxide 
D) Ozone

Question 6

How did the Emissions Trading Scheme in Europe privatize a public good?

Accepted Answer

A) The system sold off government-owned firms to more efficient private owners. 
B) European governments became less involved in offsetting goals for pollution reduction,allowing private citizens and firms to determine the appropriate levels of pollution. 
C) European governments gave away environmentally friendly technology that had been developed using public funds. 
D) The system divided up and distributed a pollution allowance to individual firms that were contaminating clean air. 
A) The system sold off government-owned firms to more efficient private owners. 
B) European governments became less involved in offsetting goals for pollution reduction,allowing private citizens and firms to determine the appropriate levels of pollution. 
C) European governments gave away environmentally friendly technology that had been developed using public funds. 
D) The system divided up and distributed a pollution allowance to individual firms that were contaminating clean air.

Question 7

The solution to the tragedy of the commons in England at the end of the Middle Ages primarily involved:

Accepted Answer

A) laws regulating grazing. 
B) intervention by the church. 
C) norms adopted by herders. 
D) privatizing common lands. 
A) laws regulating grazing. 
B) intervention by the church. 
C) norms adopted by herders. 
D) privatizing common lands.

Question 8

Why are complete bans often more effective that numerical restrictions on pollution?

Accepted Answer

Students' answers should discuss the imp

Question 9

When is cooperation on international environmental problems most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Answers should discuss different solutio

Question 10

Which of the following describes the role environmental TANs play in ongoing negotiations on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?

Accepted Answer

A) They provide scientific information to participants. 
B) They attend formal sessions as observers. 
C) They are subject to a quota,limiting the number who can attend. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) They provide scientific information to participants. 
B) They attend formal sessions as observers. 
C) They are subject to a quota,limiting the number who can attend. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 11

Why is iteration an important contribution of institutions to environmental cooperation?

Accepted Answer

Iteration serves at least two functions.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a transnational advocacy network acting as a "fire alarm"?

Accepted Answer

A) Greenpeace distributing video clips to the media about whaling. 
B) Greenpeace notifying the IWC of any whaling violations that they witness. 
C) Greenpeace hanging banners on the Golden Gate Bridge condemning commercial whaling. 
D) Greenpeace positioning themselves between Japanese whaling vessels and the whales they are trying to hunt. 
A) Greenpeace distributing video clips to the media about whaling. 
B) Greenpeace notifying the IWC of any whaling violations that they witness. 
C) Greenpeace hanging banners on the Golden Gate Bridge condemning commercial whaling. 
D) Greenpeace positioning themselves between Japanese whaling vessels and the whales they are trying to hunt.

Question 13

Why do environmental agreements typically use soft law rather than hard law?

Accepted Answer

Answers should distinguish between hard

Question 14

Why did the requirement that tankers purchase new discharge equipment reduce oil pollution?

Accepted Answer

A) The newly required equipment was cheaper than the old equipment,so more tanker companies purchased it. 
B) The new equipment made it easier for transnational advocacy networks to monitor tankers at sea. 
C) Although the new equipment was more expensive than the previous measures,verification of compliance was easier than before. 
D) Many tanker companies could not afford the new equipment and went out of business; fewer tankers resulted in fewer oil discharges. 
A) The newly required equipment was cheaper than the old equipment,so more tanker companies purchased it. 
B) The new equipment made it easier for transnational advocacy networks to monitor tankers at sea. 
C) Although the new equipment was more expensive than the previous measures,verification of compliance was easier than before. 
D) Many tanker companies could not afford the new equipment and went out of business; fewer tankers resulted in fewer oil discharges.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a negative externality?

Accepted Answer

A) Your roommate does not study and fails his exam. 
B) A power plant purchases water for its cooling towers. 
C) A neighbor landscapes his front lawn,raising property values. 
D) An airport directs inbound jets over a residential neighborhood to an adjacent runway. 
A) Your roommate does not study and fails his exam. 
B) A power plant purchases water for its cooling towers. 
C) A neighbor landscapes his front lawn,raising property values. 
D) An airport directs inbound jets over a residential neighborhood to an adjacent runway.

Question 16

Which of the following environmental problems has seen the least progress made by international communities?

Accepted Answer

A) Global climate change 
B) Hazardous waste shipment across borders 
C) Ozone layer protection 
D) Harmful fishing practices 
A) Global climate change 
B) Hazardous waste shipment across borders 
C) Ozone layer protection 
D) Harmful fishing practices

Question 17

What is the conflict between economic development and environmental well-being? Is there a compromise between these competing interests? Should the way this compromise is addressed vary between developed and developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Answers should discuss the costs associa

Question 18

Why has the United States withdrawn from the Paris Agreement? What does this tell us about the nature and challenges of international bargaining on environmental issues?

Accepted Answer

The United States has withdrawn due to c

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a privileged group with respect to resolving environmental problems?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States has an advantage with regard to global warming because it has few low-lying areas. 
B) Only a few countries wanted to continue killing whales for commercial purposes. 
C) The International Whaling Commission enacted a ban on commercial whaling due to net benefits for each of its members. 
D) The United States saw sufficient benefits to justify banning CFCs unilaterally. 
A) The United States has an advantage with regard to global warming because it has few low-lying areas. 
B) Only a few countries wanted to continue killing whales for commercial purposes. 
C) The International Whaling Commission enacted a ban on commercial whaling due to net benefits for each of its members. 
D) The United States saw sufficient benefits to justify banning CFCs unilaterally.

Question 20

The case of ozone depletion indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A) special interests can push environmental regulation when it is seen as profitable. 
B) special interests are rarely successful in blocking environmental regulations. 
C) special interests always win out over the collective interest for a cleaner environment. 
D) special interests can successfully mobilize citizens to take on their governments. 
A) special interests can push environmental regulation when it is seen as profitable. 
B) special interests are rarely successful in blocking environmental regulations. 
C) special interests always win out over the collective interest for a cleaner environment. 
D) special interests can successfully mobilize citizens to take on their governments.

International environmental agreements tend not to have independent procedures for dispute resolution because:

What is a public good?

Explain how transnational advocacy networks help implement international environmental agreements.

Why has cooperation in restoring the ozone been more successful than efforts to address climate change?

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily responsible for our current concerns about global warming?

How did the Emissions Trading Scheme in Europe privatize a public good?

The solution to the tragedy of the commons in England at the end of the Middle Ages primarily involved:

Why are complete bans often more effective that numerical restrictions on pollution?

When is cooperation on international environmental problems most likely to occur?

Which of the following describes the role environmental TANs play in ongoing negotiations on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?

Why is iteration an important contribution of institutions to environmental cooperation?

Which of the following is an example of a transnational advocacy network acting as a "fire alarm"?

Why do environmental agreements typically use soft law rather than hard law?

Why did the requirement that tankers purchase new discharge equipment reduce oil pollution?

Which of the following is an example of a negative externality?

Which of the following environmental problems has seen the least progress made by international communities?

What is the conflict between economic development and environmental well-being? Is there a compromise between these competing interests? Should the way this compromise is addressed vary between developed and developing countries?

Why has the United States withdrawn from the Paris Agreement? What does this tell us about the nature and challenges of international bargaining on environmental issues?

Which of the following is an example of a privileged group with respect to resolving environmental problems?

The case of ozone depletion indicates that:

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 13: The Global Environment

International environmental agreements tend not to have independent procedures for dispute resolution because:

What is a public good?

Explain how transnational advocacy networks help implement international environmental agreements.

Why has cooperation in restoring the ozone been more successful than efforts to address climate change?

Which of the following greenhouse gases is primarily responsible for our current concerns about global warming?

How did the Emissions Trading Scheme in Europe privatize a public good?

The solution to the tragedy of the commons in England at the end of the Middle Ages primarily involved:

Why are complete bans often more effective that numerical restrictions on pollution?

When is cooperation on international environmental problems most likely to occur?

Which of the following describes the role environmental TANs play in ongoing negotiations on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?

Why is iteration an important contribution of institutions to environmental cooperation?

Which of the following is an example of a transnational advocacy network acting as a "fire alarm"?

Why do environmental agreements typically use soft law rather than hard law?

Why did the requirement that tankers purchase new discharge equipment reduce oil pollution?

Which of the following is an example of a negative externality?

Which of the following environmental problems has seen the least progress made by international communities?

What is the conflict between economic development and environmental well-being? Is there a compromise between these competing interests? Should the way this compromise is addressed vary between developed and developing countries?

Why has the United States withdrawn from the Paris Agreement? What does this tell us about the nature and challenges of international bargaining on environmental issues?

Which of the following is an example of a privileged group with respect to resolving environmental problems?

The case of ozone depletion indicates that:

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters