Question 1

How did Europe's Emissions Trading Scheme work?

Accepted Answer

A) European countries banned trade with firms that polluted in excess of their allowances. 
B) European countries traded new antipollution technology to firms in developing countries that committed to reducing carbon emissions. 
C) Firms were initially given allowances for greenhouse gas emissions that they could sell or buy depending on their own efficiency. 
D) European governments gave tax credits to firms that reduced their carbon emissions. 
A) European countries banned trade with firms that polluted in excess of their allowances. 
B) European countries traded new antipollution technology to firms in developing countries that committed to reducing carbon emissions. 
C) Firms were initially given allowances for greenhouse gas emissions that they could sell or buy depending on their own efficiency. 
D) European governments gave tax credits to firms that reduced their carbon emissions.

Question 2

Why are there ethical concerns about pressuring poor countries to industrialize in an environmentally friendly way?

Accepted Answer

A) Wealthy countries are sacrificing their own environmental welfare in order to improve the environmental welfare of poor countries. 
B) Poor countries will not benefit from improving the environment as much as wealthy countries will. 
C) Wealthy countries caused the pollution problem while industrializing nations are now asking poor countries not to do the same. 
D) Some new environmentally friendly technologies may be more dangerous for workers than older technologies. 
A) Wealthy countries are sacrificing their own environmental welfare in order to improve the environmental welfare of poor countries. 
B) Poor countries will not benefit from improving the environment as much as wealthy countries will. 
C) Wealthy countries caused the pollution problem while industrializing nations are now asking poor countries not to do the same. 
D) Some new environmentally friendly technologies may be more dangerous for workers than older technologies.

Question 3

The tragedy of the commons refers to a situation where:

Accepted Answer

A) commoners lack understanding about resource use. 
B) individual incentives and collective incentives are at odds. 
C) technology degrades the commons. 
D) there are no externalities. 
A) commoners lack understanding about resource use. 
B) individual incentives and collective incentives are at odds. 
C) technology degrades the commons. 
D) there are no externalities.

Question 4

International environmental institutions can affect cooperation on environmental issues by:

Accepted Answer

A) forcing states to fulfill their treaty obligations through economic sanctions. 
B) reducing decision-making costs for states negotiating agreements about international environmental issues. 
C) eliminating disputes over environmental issues. 
D) creating standards of behavior that members find unacceptable. 
A) forcing states to fulfill their treaty obligations through economic sanctions. 
B) reducing decision-making costs for states negotiating agreements about international environmental issues. 
C) eliminating disputes over environmental issues. 
D) creating standards of behavior that members find unacceptable.

Question 5

How has globalization affected environmental issues?

Accepted Answer

A) The spread of global media has increased awareness of global warming and has led to the reduction of carbon emissions in developing countries. 
B) Poor countries have more access to environmentally friendly technologies because of the spread of the Internet. 
C) Transit costs have declined,which has decreased the environmental impact of trade. 
D) The increased competition resulting from economic globalization makes firms more likely to reduce costs by evading environmental regulations. 
A) The spread of global media has increased awareness of global warming and has led to the reduction of carbon emissions in developing countries. 
B) Poor countries have more access to environmentally friendly technologies because of the spread of the Internet. 
C) Transit costs have declined,which has decreased the environmental impact of trade. 
D) The increased competition resulting from economic globalization makes firms more likely to reduce costs by evading environmental regulations.

Question 6

The relationship effect of development (as measured in per capita income)on environmental protection is:

Accepted Answer

A) linear and positive. 
B) linear and negative. 
C) initially negative,then positive. 
D) initially positive,then negative. 
A) linear and positive. 
B) linear and negative. 
C) initially negative,then positive. 
D) initially positive,then negative.

Question 7

Why has cooperation on stopping ozone depletion been easier than cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

Accepted Answer

A) Ozone depletion is not subject to collective action problems. 
B) Compared to the costs,the return on stopping ozone depletion is greater and more certain than stopping climate change. 
C) States have had less time to address climate change. 
D) There were no special interests that wanted to protect CFC production. 
A) Ozone depletion is not subject to collective action problems. 
B) Compared to the costs,the return on stopping ozone depletion is greater and more certain than stopping climate change. 
C) States have had less time to address climate change. 
D) There were no special interests that wanted to protect CFC production.

Question 8

Why was the problem of acid rain more easily resolved than other issues?

Accepted Answer

A) The pollution affected relatively few states,making cooperation easier. 
B) The pollution affected a large number of states,which led to widespread concern. 
C) It was inexpensive to reduce the emission of the pollutants that caused acid rain. 
D) The major polluters were developing countries that were easily pressured by more powerful states to reduce pollution levels. 
A) The pollution affected relatively few states,making cooperation easier. 
B) The pollution affected a large number of states,which led to widespread concern. 
C) It was inexpensive to reduce the emission of the pollutants that caused acid rain. 
D) The major polluters were developing countries that were easily pressured by more powerful states to reduce pollution levels.

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the United States' approach to global warming?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States was an early leader in the campaign to reduce global warming. 
B) The United States has boycotted goods produced in countries that have signed international agreements to which it opposes. 
C) The United States has been unwilling to take a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. 
D) The United States has shared new environmental technology with developing countries in the hopes that these countries will reduce their carbon emissions. 
A) The United States was an early leader in the campaign to reduce global warming. 
B) The United States has boycotted goods produced in countries that have signed international agreements to which it opposes. 
C) The United States has been unwilling to take a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. 
D) The United States has shared new environmental technology with developing countries in the hopes that these countries will reduce their carbon emissions.

Question 10

Why is cooperation to improve the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

Accepted Answer

Answers should identify the elements of

Question 11

Which is the region with the best record for protecting the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) Europe 
B) Asia 
C) North America 
D) South America 
A) Europe 
B) Asia 
C) North America 
D) South America

Question 12

Why do "greener" industries have less political influence than polluting industries?

Accepted Answer

A) Polluting industries usually involve many firms,and they can use their superior numbers to pressure the government for support. 
B) Since greener industries are usually new industries,there are too few people currently dependent upon their success to rally support for them. 
C) Most people do not believe that environmentally friendly technologies actually work. 
D) The majority of people do not support environmentally friendly technologies. 
A) Polluting industries usually involve many firms,and they can use their superior numbers to pressure the government for support. 
B) Since greener industries are usually new industries,there are too few people currently dependent upon their success to rally support for them. 
C) Most people do not believe that environmentally friendly technologies actually work. 
D) The majority of people do not support environmentally friendly technologies.

Question 13

Why has the U.S.auto industry opposed efforts to reduce emissions?

Accepted Answer

A) The required new technologies would raise the price of cars,and this would reduce manufacturers' profits. 
B) They do not believe that auto emissions are harmful. 
C) They believe that more reductions on emissions are unnecessary because auto manufacturers in other countries have already reduced emissions enough to prevent global warming. 
D) Consumers do not buy low-emission automobiles. 
A) The required new technologies would raise the price of cars,and this would reduce manufacturers' profits. 
B) They do not believe that auto emissions are harmful. 
C) They believe that more reductions on emissions are unnecessary because auto manufacturers in other countries have already reduced emissions enough to prevent global warming. 
D) Consumers do not buy low-emission automobiles.

Question 14

The use of a nationally determined contribution standard to curb carbon emissions helps countries that:

Accepted Answer

A) are developing renewable energy technologies. 
B) hold large forest resources. 
C) link their cap-and-trade systems with those of other countries. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) are developing renewable energy technologies. 
B) hold large forest resources. 
C) link their cap-and-trade systems with those of other countries. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 15

The Kyoto Protocol attempts to:

Accepted Answer

A) exclude a nonrival good. 
B) overexploit a common resource pool. 
C) privatize a public good. 
D) end a positive externality. 
A) exclude a nonrival good. 
B) overexploit a common resource pool. 
C) privatize a public good. 
D) end a positive externality.

Question 16

The implementation of which of the following environmental agreements led to a cap-and-trade system?

Accepted Answer

A) Vienna Convention 
B) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil 
C) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 
D) Kyoto Protocol 
A) Vienna Convention 
B) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil 
C) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 
D) Kyoto Protocol

Question 17

What are joint products?

Accepted Answer

A) Effects created by the interaction between two states. 
B) Goods that are nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption. 
C) Goods that are nonexcludable but rival in consumption. 
D) When public goods are bundled with private goods. 
A) Effects created by the interaction between two states. 
B) Goods that are nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption. 
C) Goods that are nonexcludable but rival in consumption. 
D) When public goods are bundled with private goods.

Question 18

Why were the European Emissions Trading Scheme credits given to existing companies,rather than auctioned off?

Accepted Answer

A) It was more efficient to give away the credits than to stage an auction. 
B) The Europeans found out that firms could not afford to purchase the credits and pay for the technology to reduce emissions. 
C) Consumers successfully lobbied to have the credits given out for free so that firms would not have to raise the prices of their products. 
D) Firms successfully lobbied to have the credits given out for free so that they would not have to pay for them. 
A) It was more efficient to give away the credits than to stage an auction. 
B) The Europeans found out that firms could not afford to purchase the credits and pay for the technology to reduce emissions. 
C) Consumers successfully lobbied to have the credits given out for free so that firms would not have to raise the prices of their products. 
D) Firms successfully lobbied to have the credits given out for free so that they would not have to pay for them.

Question 19

Which country is the greatest source of new pollutants?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States 
B) Russia 
C) Japan 
D) China 
A) The United States 
B) Russia 
C) Japan 
D) China

Question 20

Among those who know that their activates are environmentally harmful,why do so many still choose not to undertake more efforts to protect the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) They do not know that their activities are environmentally harmful. 
B) They do not respond rationally to their incentives. 
C) They prefer to defect rather than cooperate. 
D) They believe it's fairer for others to undertake the costs of change. 
A) They do not know that their activities are environmentally harmful. 
B) They do not respond rationally to their incentives. 
C) They prefer to defect rather than cooperate. 
D) They believe it's fairer for others to undertake the costs of change.

How did Europe's Emissions Trading Scheme work?

Why are there ethical concerns about pressuring poor countries to industrialize in an environmentally friendly way?

The tragedy of the commons refers to a situation where:

International environmental institutions can affect cooperation on environmental issues by:

How has globalization affected environmental issues?

The relationship effect of development (as measured in per capita income)on environmental protection is:

Why has cooperation on stopping ozone depletion been easier than cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

Why was the problem of acid rain more easily resolved than other issues?

Which of the following statements best describes the United States' approach to global warming?

Why is cooperation to improve the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

Which is the region with the best record for protecting the environment?

Why do "greener" industries have less political influence than polluting industries?

Why has the U.S.auto industry opposed efforts to reduce emissions?

The use of a nationally determined contribution standard to curb carbon emissions helps countries that:

The Kyoto Protocol attempts to:

The implementation of which of the following environmental agreements led to a cap-and-trade system?

What are joint products?

Why were the European Emissions Trading Scheme credits given to existing companies,rather than auctioned off?

Which country is the greatest source of new pollutants?

Among those who know that their activates are environmentally harmful,why do so many still choose not to undertake more efforts to protect the environment?

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

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Exam 13: The Global Environment

How did Europe's Emissions Trading Scheme work?

Why are there ethical concerns about pressuring poor countries to industrialize in an environmentally friendly way?

The tragedy of the commons refers to a situation where:

International environmental institutions can affect cooperation on environmental issues by:

How has globalization affected environmental issues?

The relationship effect of development (as measured in per capita income)on environmental protection is:

Why has cooperation on stopping ozone depletion been easier than cooperation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

Why was the problem of acid rain more easily resolved than other issues?

Which of the following statements best describes the United States' approach to global warming?

Why is cooperation to improve the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

Which is the region with the best record for protecting the environment?

Why do "greener" industries have less political influence than polluting industries?

Why has the U.S.auto industry opposed efforts to reduce emissions?

The use of a nationally determined contribution standard to curb carbon emissions helps countries that:

The Kyoto Protocol attempts to:

The implementation of which of the following environmental agreements led to a cap-and-trade system?

What are joint products?

Why were the European Emissions Trading Scheme credits given to existing companies,rather than auctioned off?

Which country is the greatest source of new pollutants?

Among those who know that their activates are environmentally harmful,why do so many still choose not to undertake more efforts to protect the environment?

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters