Question 1

Why is preservation of the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A) The world's population is "imprisoned" and cannot escape the effects of environmental degradation and global warming. 
B) Transnational advocacy networks can free the world's population from the effects of environmental degradation and global warming. 
C) Individuals have no interest in cooperating and would rather "defect" by continuing to pollute,if it suits their needs. 
D) Individuals have a shared interest in cooperating but would rather "defect" since their own efforts would have little effect on overall pollution levels. 
A) The world's population is "imprisoned" and cannot escape the effects of environmental degradation and global warming. 
B) Transnational advocacy networks can free the world's population from the effects of environmental degradation and global warming. 
C) Individuals have no interest in cooperating and would rather "defect" by continuing to pollute,if it suits their needs. 
D) Individuals have a shared interest in cooperating but would rather "defect" since their own efforts would have little effect on overall pollution levels.

Question 2

Why was a ban on commercial whaling enacted?

Accepted Answer

A) Public protest caused countries to voluntarily ban the hunting of whales. 
B) The whale population was declining rapidly,and states were unable to reduce their catches sufficiently. 
C) There was no longer a demand for products made from whales. 
D) At an environmental conference,the United States brokered an agreement that banned whaling. 
A) Public protest caused countries to voluntarily ban the hunting of whales. 
B) The whale population was declining rapidly,and states were unable to reduce their catches sufficiently. 
C) There was no longer a demand for products made from whales. 
D) At an environmental conference,the United States brokered an agreement that banned whaling.

Question 3

Why is representing the interests of future generations in political bargaining over the environment difficult?

Accepted Answer

A) Levels of income in the future are likely to be substantially similar to current levels. 
B) It is uncertain whether future generations will care about the environment. 
C) Current political actors do not care at all about future generations. 
D) There is no real mechanism for representing the interests of future generations in today's bargaining. 
A) Levels of income in the future are likely to be substantially similar to current levels. 
B) It is uncertain whether future generations will care about the environment. 
C) Current political actors do not care at all about future generations. 
D) There is no real mechanism for representing the interests of future generations in today's bargaining.

Question 4

How can privatizing public goods encourage better protection of the environment? Consider the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)as an example.

Accepted Answer

Answers should emphasize the importance

Question 5

How are polluting industries similar to protectionist industries?

Accepted Answer

A) Both are large groups that are less motivated because the costs of unfavorable policies will be spread across a large number of members. 
B) Both usually support their governments' involvement in international agreements. 
C) Both are small in number and can get concentrated benefits from government policies,while the costs of those policies are spread across many individuals. 
D) Both are large groups that can use their numbers to get favorable government policies passed. 
A) Both are large groups that are less motivated because the costs of unfavorable policies will be spread across a large number of members. 
B) Both usually support their governments' involvement in international agreements. 
C) Both are small in number and can get concentrated benefits from government policies,while the costs of those policies are spread across many individuals. 
D) Both are large groups that can use their numbers to get favorable government policies passed.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of free riding with regard to environmental issues?

Accepted Answer

A) China does not reduce carbon emissions but expects developed countries to reduce theirs. 
B) Japan pushes to remove the ban on commercial whaling. 
C) TNAs pay developing countries' dues to the International Whaling Commission (IW
C) . 
D) Greenpeace uses its own ships to monitor Norwegian whaling vessels. 
A) China does not reduce carbon emissions but expects developed countries to reduce theirs. 
B) Japan pushes to remove the ban on commercial whaling. 
C) TNAs pay developing countries' dues to the International Whaling Commission (IW
C) . 
D) Greenpeace uses its own ships to monitor Norwegian whaling vessels.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a joint product?

Accepted Answer

A) The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil created standards for reducing oil discharges in the ocean. 
B) The Danube River flows through many European countries. 
C) Fishing vessels from the United States and Canada can profit from the Grand Banks fishery. 
D) DuPont could earn profits from a ban on CFCs that would also reduce ozone depletion. 
A) The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil created standards for reducing oil discharges in the ocean. 
B) The Danube River flows through many European countries. 
C) Fishing vessels from the United States and Canada can profit from the Grand Banks fishery. 
D) DuPont could earn profits from a ban on CFCs that would also reduce ozone depletion.

Question 8

Which of the following products is nonexcludable?

Accepted Answer

A) National security 
B) Food 
C) Clothing 
D) Access to a store 
A) National security 
B) Food 
C) Clothing 
D) Access to a store

Question 9

What explains the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions?

Accepted Answer

A) The United States has always had an environmentally friendly foreign policy. 
B) Citizens in the United States have pushed their government to support environmentally friendly policies. 
C) The United States does not feel the terms of current agreements are sufficiently favorable. 
D) Firms in the United States have realized they could make more profits by allowing the government to share their technological advances with developed countries. 
A) The United States has always had an environmentally friendly foreign policy. 
B) Citizens in the United States have pushed their government to support environmentally friendly policies. 
C) The United States does not feel the terms of current agreements are sufficiently favorable. 
D) Firms in the United States have realized they could make more profits by allowing the government to share their technological advances with developed countries.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a common-pool resource?

Accepted Answer

A) Restoration of the ozone layer 
B) The Grand Banks fishery off the coast of North America 
C) A beehive that pollinates plants located on other properties 
D) Acid rain created by coal plants in the United States falling in Canada 
A) Restoration of the ozone layer 
B) The Grand Banks fishery off the coast of North America 
C) A beehive that pollinates plants located on other properties 
D) Acid rain created by coal plants in the United States falling in Canada

Question 11

Why is it cheaper and easier to prevent environmental damage in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

A) Developing countries have less invested in infrastructure and thus are better able to adopt new,greener technologies. 
B) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means that it is cheaper to hire workers to refurbish firms with new technologies. 
C) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means firms in developing countries can profit from using workers instead of highly polluting machinery. 
D) Wealthy countries can afford to sell new technologies at lower prices in developing countries because of favorable exchange rates. 
A) Developing countries have less invested in infrastructure and thus are better able to adopt new,greener technologies. 
B) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means that it is cheaper to hire workers to refurbish firms with new technologies. 
C) Labor costs are lower in developing countries,which means firms in developing countries can profit from using workers instead of highly polluting machinery. 
D) Wealthy countries can afford to sell new technologies at lower prices in developing countries because of favorable exchange rates.

Question 12

Which of the following is a reason that those who would be negatively affected by tighter environmental restrictions so often defeat these policies?

Accepted Answer

A) Those negatively affected by regulations vastly outnumber those who benefit from them. 
B) Groups who would benefit from environmental protection are directly compensated for its absence through bargaining. 
C) Existing industries have more supporters that they can mobilize compared to industries that are developing more environmentally friendly technologies. 
D) The majority of citizens sympathize with the affected industries and pressure governments to avoid environmental regulations. 
A) Those negatively affected by regulations vastly outnumber those who benefit from them. 
B) Groups who would benefit from environmental protection are directly compensated for its absence through bargaining. 
C) Existing industries have more supporters that they can mobilize compared to industries that are developing more environmentally friendly technologies. 
D) The majority of citizens sympathize with the affected industries and pressure governments to avoid environmental regulations.

Question 13

Explain how interests and interactions make international environmental cooperation difficult to achieve,even when major actors have a shared interest in preserving the environment.

Accepted Answer

Answers should discuss how pro

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a good whose consumption is rival?

Accepted Answer

A) Knowledge 
B) Clean air 
C) National defense 
D) Fishing in a lake 
A) Knowledge 
B) Clean air 
C) National defense 
D) Fishing in a lake

Question 15

The depletion of the whale population due to hunting is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) the difficulty of managing common-pool resources. 
B) the ineffectiveness of TANs. 
C) the relative effectiveness of numerical limits rather than complete bans. 
D) the importance of scientific whaling. 
A) the difficulty of managing common-pool resources. 
B) the ineffectiveness of TANs. 
C) the relative effectiveness of numerical limits rather than complete bans. 
D) the importance of scientific whaling.

Question 16

The Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol are related to which issue?

Accepted Answer

A) Whaling 
B) Ozone depletion 
C) Climate change 
D) Oil dumping in open waters 
A) Whaling 
B) Ozone depletion 
C) Climate change 
D) Oil dumping in open waters

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a public good?

Accepted Answer

A) An aquaculture oyster farm 
B) A movie theater 
C) The ozone layer protecting humans from ultraviolet radiation 
D) The level of pollution from a pulp mill in Uruguay that affects Argentina 
A) An aquaculture oyster farm 
B) A movie theater 
C) The ozone layer protecting humans from ultraviolet radiation 
D) The level of pollution from a pulp mill in Uruguay that affects Argentina

Question 18

Why is the problem of ozone depletion different from the problem of global warming?

Accepted Answer

A) Stopping ozone depletion involves easily manipulated developing countries,whereas global warming involves more powerful developed countries. 
B) Ozone depletion is not a collective action problem,but stopping global warming is a collective action problem. 
C) There are few CFC-producing countries,but nearly all industrialized and industrializing countries emit greenhouse gases. 
D) Ozone depletion is a much more serious threat than global warming. 
A) Stopping ozone depletion involves easily manipulated developing countries,whereas global warming involves more powerful developed countries. 
B) Ozone depletion is not a collective action problem,but stopping global warming is a collective action problem. 
C) There are few CFC-producing countries,but nearly all industrialized and industrializing countries emit greenhouse gases. 
D) Ozone depletion is a much more serious threat than global warming.

Question 19

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aids cooperation over reduction of greenhouse gases by:

Accepted Answer

A) ensuring iterated interactions between states. 
B) exercising central authority over member states. 
C) reducing the complexity of climate change issues. 
D) minimizing the size of the cooperating group. 
A) ensuring iterated interactions between states. 
B) exercising central authority over member states. 
C) reducing the complexity of climate change issues. 
D) minimizing the size of the cooperating group.

Question 20

Cap-and-trade systems to control pollution work better when:

Accepted Answer

A) pollution is easily observable. 
B) governments are not involved. 
C) pollution rights markets are not linked internationally. 
D) there is no limit on the amount of pollution permits created. 
A) pollution is easily observable. 
B) governments are not involved. 
C) pollution rights markets are not linked internationally. 
D) there is no limit on the amount of pollution permits created.

Why is preservation of the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

Why was a ban on commercial whaling enacted?

Why is representing the interests of future generations in political bargaining over the environment difficult?

How can privatizing public goods encourage better protection of the environment? Consider the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)as an example.

How are polluting industries similar to protectionist industries?

Which of the following is an example of free riding with regard to environmental issues?

Which of the following is an example of a joint product?

Which of the following products is nonexcludable?

What explains the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions?

Which of the following is an example of a common-pool resource?

Why is it cheaper and easier to prevent environmental damage in developing countries?

Which of the following is a reason that those who would be negatively affected by tighter environmental restrictions so often defeat these policies?

Explain how interests and interactions make international environmental cooperation difficult to achieve,even when major actors have a shared interest in preserving the environment.

Which of the following is an example of a good whose consumption is rival?

The depletion of the whale population due to hunting is an example of:

The Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol are related to which issue?

Which of the following is an example of a public good?

Why is the problem of ozone depletion different from the problem of global warming?

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aids cooperation over reduction of greenhouse gases by:

Cap-and-trade systems to control pollution work better when:

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Exam 13: The Global Environment

Why is preservation of the environment sometimes like a Prisoner's Dilemma?

Why was a ban on commercial whaling enacted?

Why is representing the interests of future generations in political bargaining over the environment difficult?

How can privatizing public goods encourage better protection of the environment? Consider the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)as an example.

How are polluting industries similar to protectionist industries?

Which of the following is an example of free riding with regard to environmental issues?

Which of the following is an example of a joint product?

Which of the following products is nonexcludable?

What explains the United States' position on reducing carbon emissions?

Which of the following is an example of a common-pool resource?

Why is it cheaper and easier to prevent environmental damage in developing countries?

Which of the following is a reason that those who would be negatively affected by tighter environmental restrictions so often defeat these policies?

Explain how interests and interactions make international environmental cooperation difficult to achieve,even when major actors have a shared interest in preserving the environment.

Which of the following is an example of a good whose consumption is rival?

The depletion of the whale population due to hunting is an example of:

The Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol are related to which issue?

Which of the following is an example of a public good?

Why is the problem of ozone depletion different from the problem of global warming?

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change aids cooperation over reduction of greenhouse gases by:

Cap-and-trade systems to control pollution work better when:

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

Human Rights

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters