Exam 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology

A ________ Index is calculated by dividing a toxic dose that caused toxicity in only 1 percent of the subjects-referred to as a TD₁-and dividing this by a dose that achieved a 99 percent therapeutic effect-an ED₉₉.

Define objective and subjective effects.Provide an example for each.

The therapeutic index reflects a ratio of a drug's a toxic dose-effect curve value relative to a therapeutic dose-effect curve value.

You are a member of your university's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and you have received an application for an animal research study.The researcher would like to determine if a new drug may reduce symptoms of fibromyalgia,a chronic pain disorder,and proposes studying 100 monkeys using procedures that will cause moderate pain.A federal agency has reviewed a grant proposal submitted by the researcher and found the work to have high scientific value.Provide questions or comments for your review of the application that includes each of the 3Rs and an ethical cost assessment.

Pam said that taking a particular drug made her feel happy.What type of effect is this?

All of the following impact internal validity except:

Which of the following are NOT appropriate reasons for conducting animal research?

Drugs A and B produce similar types of effects.Drug A has an ED₅₀ value of 10 mg/kg and Drug B has an ED₅₀ value of 5 mg/kg.What can be said about these drugs?

For a clinical study,researchers gave one group of participants a low dose of drug,another group a high dose of drug,and the final group placebo.How many treatment arms does this study have?

Juanita,a researcher at a pharmaceutical company,is assessing the effects of an experimental drug on lever pressing behavior in laboratory rats.For this study,what type of variable is the experimental drug?

_________ validity refers to how well study findings generalize beyond the study conditions.

______________,a major area of pharmacology,refers to the physiological actions of drugs.

Pharmacological effects that cannot be directly observed by others are referred to as:

Those who illegally make and sell a drug that causes a striking high might name it _____________ to convey the drug's effects.

________ is the study of how genetic differences influence a drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects.

___________ validity implies that a researcher can evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental treatment in a model that does not resemble the disorder to be treated.

Joakim consumed a cup of coffee in order to feel more alert.Which of following describes this type of drug use?

A substance found harmful for a fetus is called a ___________.

A drug's ________ name is a nonproprietary name that indicates the classification for a drug and distinguishes a drug from others in the same class

Dose consists of a ratio of the amount of drug per ____________.