Question 1

Compared with all other research designs,experimental designs provide the best protection against threats to

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity. 
B)  internal validity. 
C)  external reliability. 
D)  internal reliability. 
A)  external validity. 
B)  internal validity. 
C)  external reliability. 
D)  internal reliability. B

Question 2

The use of deception in a research study only permissible when

Accepted Answer

A)  being straightforward about study goals would likely cause physical or emotional distress. 
B)  participants are informed about the purpose of the study. 
C)  it is justified by the potential benefit of the study and the use of nondeceptive procedures is not feasible. 
D)  the study is conducted by a professional researcher. 
A)  being straightforward about study goals would likely cause physical or emotional distress. 
B)  participants are informed about the purpose of the study. 
C)  it is justified by the potential benefit of the study and the use of nondeceptive procedures is not feasible. 
D)  the study is conducted by a professional researcher. C

Question 3

After developing a general research idea,describe the five steps researchers engage in to ensure that the hypothesis is properly formulated and tested.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer:
a.First,the researcher conducts a systematic search of the published research on the phenomenon of interest.
b.Second,assuming that there is no research that has directly tested the idea,the researcher begins to formalize ideas so that they can be tested in a scientific manner.
a.i.e.: operationalizing ideas into something that can be measured
c.Third,the researcher must carefully consider the extent to which the research idea may be based on cultural assumptions that may limit the applicability or relevance of the planned research.
d.Fourth,the researcher must consider ethical issues in testing of the idea.
e.Fifth,the researcher must draw together all the results of the previous steps to sketch out the study procedures.

Question 4

One major weakness of the quasi-experimental design is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it provides correlational data, at best. 
B)  there is no random assignment of participants to experimental conditions. 
C)  groups of people are randomly assigned to control conditions. 
D)  meta-analysis cannot be performed on quasi-experimental research results. 
A)  it provides correlational data, at best. 
B)  there is no random assignment of participants to experimental conditions. 
C)  groups of people are randomly assigned to control conditions. 
D)  meta-analysis cannot be performed on quasi-experimental research results.

Question 5

Quasi-experimental designs are often used when

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher is attempting to determine causation. 
B)  case studies do not provide enough information. 
C)  it is neither ethical nor feasible to randomly assign participants to conditions. 
D)  the randomization procedures were flawed. 
A)  the researcher is attempting to determine causation. 
B)  case studies do not provide enough information. 
C)  it is neither ethical nor feasible to randomly assign participants to conditions. 
D)  the randomization procedures were flawed.

Question 6

In the quest for knowledge,the welfare of research participants can be compromised

Accepted Answer

A)  when the potential for benefit outweighs the potential for harm. 
B)  when the research participant gives informed consent. 
C)  when the potential knowledge gained from the study can save the lives of others. 
D)  under no circumstances. 
A)  when the potential for benefit outweighs the potential for harm. 
B)  when the research participant gives informed consent. 
C)  when the potential knowledge gained from the study can save the lives of others. 
D)  under no circumstances.

Question 7

Experimental designs involve both random assignment to condition and _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  some type of manipulation. 
B)  comparison of two previously established groups. 
C)  a laboratory task. 
D)  higher costs than quasi-experimental designs. 
A)  some type of manipulation. 
B)  comparison of two previously established groups. 
C)  a laboratory task. 
D)  higher costs than quasi-experimental designs.

Question 8

Probability sampling:

Accepted Answer

A)  is designed to ensure that the research sample is representative of the populations. 
B)  Is designed to obtain a large sample size rather than a representative sample. 
C)  is the most commonly sampling strategy in clinical psychology research. 
D)  often requires web-based advertising to recruit participants. 
A)  is designed to ensure that the research sample is representative of the populations. 
B)  Is designed to obtain a large sample size rather than a representative sample. 
C)  is the most commonly sampling strategy in clinical psychology research. 
D)  often requires web-based advertising to recruit participants.

Question 9

Basing clinical services on tradition and authority,in which recommendations are accepted because the person delivering them is seen as an expert,has been referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  theory-based practice. 
B)  clinically-based practice. 
C)  eminence-based practice. 
D)  empirically-based practice. 
A)  theory-based practice. 
B)  clinically-based practice. 
C)  eminence-based practice. 
D)  empirically-based practice.

Question 10

A __________ variable is one that influences the strength of the relation between a predictor variable and a criterion variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  mediator 
B)  independent 
C)  dependent 
D)  moderator 
A)  mediator 
B)  independent 
C)  dependent 
D)  moderator

Question 11

Measurement unreliability,participant heterogeneity,and low statistical power are all threats to

Accepted Answer

A)  internal reliability. 
B)  statistical conclusion validity. 
C)  Incremental validity. 
D)  inter-rater reliability. 
A)  internal reliability. 
B)  statistical conclusion validity. 
C)  Incremental validity. 
D)  inter-rater reliability.

Question 12

List and provide examples of three sources of research ideas.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer:
 a.Everyday experience

Question 13

The prognosis for individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder improved substantially with the development of behavioural treatments that include the key treatment components of

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure and systematic avoidance. 
B)  systematic desensitization and response avoidance. 
C)  exposure and response prevention. 
D)  thought-stopping and response prevention. 
A)  exposure and systematic avoidance. 
B)  systematic desensitization and response avoidance. 
C)  exposure and response prevention. 
D)  thought-stopping and response prevention.

Question 14

refers to the ability to detect group differences when such differences truly exist.

Accepted Answer

A)  Statistical power 
B)  Statistical regression 
C)  Statistical significance 
D)  Statistical comparison 
A)  Statistical power 
B)  Statistical regression 
C)  Statistical significance 
D)  Statistical comparison

Question 15

What is meta-analysis,and name one advantage of this procedure.

Accepted Answer

Suggested answer:
 a.Meta-analysis: A se

Question 16

Basing clinical services and health care policy on replicated evidence gathered from scientific studies is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  eminence-based practice. 
B)  evidence-based practice. 
C)  ethical practice. 
D)  scientific practice. 
A)  eminence-based practice. 
B)  evidence-based practice. 
C)  ethical practice. 
D)  scientific practice.

Question 17

A __________ variable explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  mediator 
B)  moderator 
C)  independent 
D)  relational 
A)  mediator 
B)  moderator 
C)  independent 
D)  relational

Question 18

__________,no matter how complex,can only examine the association among variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  Single case designs 
B)  Correlational designs 
C)  Quasi-experimental designs 
D)  Meta-analysis 
A)  Single case designs 
B)  Correlational designs 
C)  Quasi-experimental designs 
D)  Meta-analysis

Question 19

Correlational designs can ___________ determine causality.

Accepted Answer

A)  never 
B)  sometimes 
C)  often 
D)  always 
A)  never 
B)  sometimes 
C)  often 
D)  always

Question 20

One limitation to structural equation modeling (SEM)is that

Accepted Answer

A)  its use is limited to small samples. 
B)  it can determine only the extent to which a hypothesized causal model fits the study's data, not whether the hypothesized causal model is true. 
C)  it is incompatible with experimental designs. 
D)  even though it includes elements of confirmatory factor analysis, it neglects mediator analyses. 
A)  its use is limited to small samples. 
B)  it can determine only the extent to which a hypothesized causal model fits the study's data, not whether the hypothesized causal model is true. 
C)  it is incompatible with experimental designs. 
D)  even though it includes elements of confirmatory factor analysis, it neglects mediator analyses.

Compared with all other research designs,experimental designs provide the best protection against threats to

The use of deception in a research study only permissible when

After developing a general research idea,describe the five steps researchers engage in to ensure that the hypothesis is properly formulated and tested.

One major weakness of the quasi-experimental design is that

Quasi-experimental designs are often used when

In the quest for knowledge,the welfare of research participants can be compromised

Experimental designs involve both random assignment to condition and _____________.

Probability sampling:

Basing clinical services on tradition and authority,in which recommendations are accepted because the person delivering them is seen as an expert,has been referred to as

A __________ variable is one that influences the strength of the relation between a predictor variable and a criterion variable.

Measurement unreliability,participant heterogeneity,and low statistical power are all threats to

List and provide examples of three sources of research ideas.

The prognosis for individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder improved substantially with the development of behavioural treatments that include the key treatment components of

refers to the ability to detect group differences when such differences truly exist.

What is meta-analysis,and name one advantage of this procedure.

Basing clinical services and health care policy on replicated evidence gathered from scientific studies is known as

A __________ variable explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable.

__________,no matter how complex,can only examine the association among variables.

Correlational designs can ___________ determine causality.

One limitation to structural equation modeling (SEM)is that

The Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Classification and Diagnosis

Assessment: Overview

Assessment: Interviewing and Observation

Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures

Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making

Prevention

Intervention: Overview

Intervention: Adults and Couples

Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change

Health Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

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Exam 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Compared with all other research designs,experimental designs provide the best protection against threats to

The use of deception in a research study only permissible when

After developing a general research idea,describe the five steps researchers engage in to ensure that the hypothesis is properly formulated and tested.

One major weakness of the quasi-experimental design is that

Quasi-experimental designs are often used when

In the quest for knowledge,the welfare of research participants can be compromised

Experimental designs involve both random assignment to condition and _____________.

Probability sampling:

Basing clinical services on tradition and authority,in which recommendations are accepted because the person delivering them is seen as an expert,has been referred to as

A __________ variable is one that influences the strength of the relation between a predictor variable and a criterion variable.

Measurement unreliability,participant heterogeneity,and low statistical power are all threats to

List and provide examples of three sources of research ideas.

The prognosis for individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder improved substantially with the development of behavioural treatments that include the key treatment components of

refers to the ability to detect group differences when such differences truly exist.

What is meta-analysis,and name one advantage of this procedure.

Basing clinical services and health care policy on replicated evidence gathered from scientific studies is known as

A __________ variable explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable.

__________,no matter how complex,can only examine the association among variables.

Correlational designs can ___________ determine causality.

One limitation to structural equation modeling (SEM)is that

The Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Classification and Diagnosis

Assessment: Overview

Assessment: Interviewing and Observation

Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures

Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making

Prevention

Intervention: Overview

Intervention: Adults and Couples

Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change

Health Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

Filters