Exam 11: Understanding Self and Others

During the elementary school years,self-esteem drops as children begin to compare themselves to their peers.

According to Marcia,during the achievement status individuals have explored alternatives and have deliberately chosen a specific identity.

Most adolescents report that they

When parents rely on punitive discipline,adolescents often resort to negative attributions that can lead to depression.

Parents,peers,the broader social context,and personality factors all contribute to an adolescent achieve identity.

In the first phase of achieving an ethnic identity,adolescents begin to explore the personal impact of their ethnic heritage.

A strong,well-defined ethnic identity is associated with

If a child says that his mother won't mind that he took cookies from the cookie jar because she likes cookies,then the child is in Selman's ________ stage.

Veronica describes herself as an "ambitious,fun-loving Catholic who is going to be a nurse someday." Veronica is probably

The attitudes,behaviours,and values that a person believes make them a unique individual are referred to as the person's

Which factor accounts for some of the decrease in self-esteem seen during the elementary school years?

Selman's perspective-taking theory is based on assumptions from ________ theory.

At which age would you be most likely to find the highest levels of self-esteem?

Adolescents' self-concepts include religious and political beliefs.

Define self-esteem.Name and describe four of the five domains of self-worth measured in Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC).How is global self-worth related to self-worth in the individual domains?

If you ask Eva,a preschooler,to describe herself she is most likely to say

Your friends think there is something wrong with their 16-year-old son.One week he says that he wants to be a rock star and the next he says that he wants to be a pediatrician.Your friends don't think that a normal adolescent can change identities so rapidly.Based on what you know about achieving an identity in adolescence,what can you tell your friends to make them feel better?

Discuss acculturation and the research by John W.Berry.

Preschoolers' self-concepts focus on attitudes and personality traits.

Discuss depression in adolescence.