Exam 1: The Science of Child Development

A researcher wants to study children's behaviour in the playground,so he follows children around with a camera crew,recording their behaviour.This research is likely to suffer from an observer influence.

Creating an association between a stimulus (e.g. ,the sound of a bell or the presence of a rat) and a naturally occurring physical response (e.g. ,salivation or fear) is referred to as

A researcher is interested in how the scores that children receive on a spelling test are affected by the amount of food that they eat for lunch.The independent variable is

DeLoache et al.(2010) studied whether videos designed to promote vocabulary actually help babies learn words.They assigned one-year-olds randomly to one of three conditions.In one,several times each week the infant and parent watched a commercial DVD designed to increase the infant's vocabulary.In a second condition,parents were simply told the 25 words featured in the DVD and encouraged to help their infants master them.In a third,control condition,infants saw no videos and parents weren't told the words.After four weeks,experimenters tested infants' knowledge of the 25 words in the DVD.This is an example of a

Research measures that involve watching children's unprompted behaviour in real-life settings are referred to as

Children's names should be linked with their data so that they are easy to identify.

Biology is to environment as ________ theory is to ________ theory.

Beth has installed a doorbell inside her house and trained her dog to press the button when he wants to go outside.When the dog presses the doorbell,Beth rewards him by letting him outside.Which approach did Beth use to train her dog?

Joseph is interested in studying political attitudes of Canadian adolescents.He collects information from 500 high school students in Toronto.These students are the population he is interested in.

A reward that consists of taking away something unpleasant is called

The American Psychological Society was formed in 1933 in an effort to bring together an interdisciplinary group dedicated to improving children's lives through research.

Freud proposed that children develop in stages.In order,these stages are

________ theory states that child development occurs according to a prearranged scheme or plan within the body.

Techniques developed during the last 25 years allow modern scientists to record many facets of brain functioning as children are performing specific tasks.These developed techniques fall under physiological research measures.

Cohort effects can be a problem in ________ studies.

In cross-sectional studies,children are tested repeatedly over the course of months or years.

Observer bias is the tendency for people to notice new things when they look at familiar situations.

A correlation coefficient of -.85 indicates that there is no relationship between two variables (e.g. ,children's aggressive behaviour and watching violent TV shows are not related).

When she was young,the only times that Ashley watched daytime television (soap operas) was when she stayed home sick from school.Now that she is older,whenever Ashley sees a soap opera on television,she starts to feel like she has a cold,even if she is perfectly healthy.How would Watson or Pavlov explain this situation? How is this similar to their research?

Most developmental psychologists agree that cognitive,physical,social,and personality development are all intertwined and that each area of development affects every other area.