Exam 3: The Self

In Nisbett and Wilson's (1977) studies, when people made choices about which stockings to buy, the people said that they made their choice based on ____.

Research indicates that, at least in the U.S., the tendency toward self-presentation is more common ____ while the tendency toward modesty is stronger ____.

Since about the 1970s, people's self-esteem scores have been on the rise.

Research on the self-reference effect would suggest that people trying to memorize words on a list would be more likely to remember a word like "happy" if they had considered whether or not the word described them personally, as opposed to considered how long the word was.

Compared to people with high self-esteem, people with low self-esteem have ____.

People who are clinically depressed tend to ____.

Explain the factors that impede changes in the self-concept, and strategies for effecting change and overcoming these impediments.

When Wanda thinks about her childhood, she tends to remember herself as a sickly child. She recalls that she was at home with a cold at least six or seven times a year. However, if we were able to go back in time and see for ourselves, we would probably find that ____.

Compared to people with low self-esteem, people with high self-esteem tend to

The phenomenal self, or the working self-concept, refers to ____.

When comparing themselves to others, most people choose to compare themselves to people who are ____.

Terra is a really good faculty member. She works hard and is happy to receive good evaluations and raises from her department chair. She finds out, though, that the other faculty members in her department receive better evaluations and higher raises than she does. According to social comparison theory, when Terra compares her evaluations and raises to her peers in her department, she is making a(n) ____.

Which male is LEAST likely to have sex before he is 15?

Kevin is taking a course on Women's Literature, and is the only male student in the class (all of the other students are female). Research suggests that, as a result, he will be ____.

Considering white Americans, African-Americans, and other ethnic minority groups in the U.S., _____ tend to have the highest levels of self-esteem, followed by _____ and then _____.

The sociometer theory of self-esteem suggests that personal self-esteem ____.

Consider the following passage from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: "There are wealthy gentlemen in England who drive four-horse passenger coaches twenty or thirty miles on a daily line, in the summer, because the privilege costs them considerable money; but if they were offered wages for the service that would turn it into work then they would resign." This passage illustrates the concept of ____.

Research on self-esteem indicates that ____.

The tendencies for people to overestimate their positive qualities, to see themselves as having more control over external events than they really do, and to have an unrealistically optimistic outlook on life are known as ____________________.

A person from China is MORE likely to have an interdependent self-construal than an independent self-construal.