Question 1

Knowledge requires evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of social error or bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotyping 
B)  confirmation bias 
C)  "one of us/one of them" error 
D)  collective delusion due to social expectations 
A)  stereotyping 
B)  confirmation bias 
C)  "one of us/one of them" error 
D)  collective delusion due to social expectations B

Question 3

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant defended rationalism and rejected empiricism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Human beings often believe randomly occurring patterns in large amounts of data are significant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Complete certainty can be had about most things.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is true of evidence based on reports from others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hearsay (evidence that is reported by a person that has heard from another person who may have heard it from others) is generally reliable. 
B)  Anecdotal evidence is evidence based your own observations. 
C)  Anecdotal evidence is generally reliable. 
D)  Testimony from experts is generally reliable. 
A)  Hearsay (evidence that is reported by a person that has heard from another person who may have heard it from others) is generally reliable. 
B)  Anecdotal evidence is evidence based your own observations. 
C)  Anecdotal evidence is generally reliable. 
D)  Testimony from experts is generally reliable.

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the four strategies that researchers have determined most people use to increase their ability to remember visual experiences?

Accepted Answer

A)  People hope they will remember. 
B)  People associate the image with a series of seven numbers. 
C)  People carefully note the details of the image. 
D)  People sing a song to themselves while inspecting the image. 
A)  People hope they will remember. 
B)  People associate the image with a series of seven numbers. 
C)  People carefully note the details of the image. 
D)  People sing a song to themselves while inspecting the image.

Question 8

Knowledge requires which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person has an opinion. 
B)  A person feels strongly about a particular belief. 
C)  The person with knowledge has evidence for his or her belief. 
D)  Knowledge requires all of these: belief, the truth of the matter, and evidence that it is true. 
A)  A person has an opinion. 
B)  A person feels strongly about a particular belief. 
C)  The person with knowledge has evidence for his or her belief. 
D)  Knowledge requires all of these: belief, the truth of the matter, and evidence that it is true.

Question 9

If a claim conflicts with our experience,then we have a good reason to be suspicious of that experience since we can never directly experience the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Experts are never biased towards one particular view in their field of expertise.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The common belief that dying individuals can delay their death past holidays and personally significant days illustrates the interplay of which of the following pairs?

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias and Gödel effect 
B)  confirmation bias and memorable events error 
C)  memorable events error and self-serving bias 
D)  memorable events error and Gödel effect 
A)  confirmation bias and Gödel effect 
B)  confirmation bias and memorable events error 
C)  memorable events error and self-serving bias 
D)  memorable events error and Gödel effect

Question 12

Our brains give us an accurate representation of the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is true of rationalism or empiricism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rationalists believe that knowledge comes primarily through the senses. 
B)  Empiricists believe that knowledge comes primarily through the senses. 
C)  Immanuel Kant was a prominent empiricist. 
D)  Empiricists believe that knowledge comes primarily through the use of reason. 
A)  Rationalists believe that knowledge comes primarily through the senses. 
B)  Empiricists believe that knowledge comes primarily through the senses. 
C)  Immanuel Kant was a prominent empiricist. 
D)  Empiricists believe that knowledge comes primarily through the use of reason.

Question 14

The phenomenon of the moon appearing larger when it is near the horizon is known as what?

Accepted Answer

A)  the moon illusion 
B)  the moon hoax 
C)  the McGurk effect 
D)  the LOL effect 
A)  the moon illusion 
B)  the moon hoax 
C)  the McGurk effect 
D)  the LOL effect

Question 15

A confirmation bias can prevent us from accurately interpreting data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is a way that memory can become misleading?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory can be altered by social pressure. 
B)  Memory can be affected by language. 
C)  Memory can be altered by the passage of time. 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  Memory can be altered by social pressure. 
B)  Memory can be affected by language. 
C)  Memory can be altered by the passage of time. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 17

The belief that you are in control of a situation is always a good belief to have.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The Internet is never a reliable source of evidence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Most people blame themselves when they fail.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is an important source of information for research?

Accepted Answer

A)  dictionaries 
B)  government documents 
C)  scholarly publications 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  dictionaries 
B)  government documents 
C)  scholarly publications 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Knowledge requires evidence.

Which of the following is NOT a type of social error or bias?

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant defended rationalism and rejected empiricism.

Human beings often believe randomly occurring patterns in large amounts of data are significant.

Complete certainty can be had about most things.

Which of the following is true of evidence based on reports from others?

Which of the following is one of the four strategies that researchers have determined most people use to increase their ability to remember visual experiences?

Knowledge requires which of the following?

If a claim conflicts with our experience,then we have a good reason to be suspicious of that experience since we can never directly experience the world.

Experts are never biased towards one particular view in their field of expertise.

The common belief that dying individuals can delay their death past holidays and personally significant days illustrates the interplay of which of the following pairs?

Our brains give us an accurate representation of the world.

Which of the following is true of rationalism or empiricism?

The phenomenon of the moon appearing larger when it is near the horizon is known as what?

A confirmation bias can prevent us from accurately interpreting data.

Which of the following is a way that memory can become misleading?

The belief that you are in control of a situation is always a good belief to have.

The Internet is never a reliable source of evidence.

Most people blame themselves when they fail.

Which of the following is an important source of information for research?

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Inductive Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Science

Law and Politics

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Exam 4: Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Knowledge requires evidence.

Which of the following is NOT a type of social error or bias?

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant defended rationalism and rejected empiricism.

Human beings often believe randomly occurring patterns in large amounts of data are significant.

Complete certainty can be had about most things.

Which of the following is true of evidence based on reports from others?

Which of the following is one of the four strategies that researchers have determined most people use to increase their ability to remember visual experiences?

Knowledge requires which of the following?

If a claim conflicts with our experience,then we have a good reason to be suspicious of that experience since we can never directly experience the world.

Experts are never biased towards one particular view in their field of expertise.

The common belief that dying individuals can delay their death past holidays and personally significant days illustrates the interplay of which of the following pairs?

Our brains give us an accurate representation of the world.

Which of the following is true of rationalism or empiricism?

The phenomenon of the moon appearing larger when it is near the horizon is known as what?

A confirmation bias can prevent us from accurately interpreting data.

Which of the following is a way that memory can become misleading?

The belief that you are in control of a situation is always a good belief to have.

The Internet is never a reliable source of evidence.

Most people blame themselves when they fail.

Which of the following is an important source of information for research?

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Inductive Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Science

Law and Politics

Filters