Question 1

Which of the following is a proposed explanation for a particular set of phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hypothesis 
B)  an observation 
C)  an experiment 
D)  a formal fallacy 
A)  a hypothesis 
B)  an observation 
C)  an experiment 
D)  a formal fallacy A

Question 2

The confidence level in an experimental result decreases as the margin of error decreases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the assumption of science called unity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The physical world is predictable. 
B)  Only physical objects exist. 
C)  The world possesses a unified dynamic structure. 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  The physical world is predictable. 
B)  Only physical objects exist. 
C)  The world possesses a unified dynamic structure. 
D)  All of these answers are correct. C

Question 4

A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis of many experiments concerning similar subject matters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following best describes pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

A)  attempts at explanation based on observation and testing 
B)  a method of collecting data without using instruments such as telescopes and barometers 
C)  attempts at explanation based chiefly on unverifiable claims and emotional appeals 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  attempts at explanation based on observation and testing 
B)  a method of collecting data without using instruments such as telescopes and barometers 
C)  attempts at explanation based chiefly on unverifiable claims and emotional appeals 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 6

Belief in a nonmaterial or spiritual realm in addition to a physical realm is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  idealism 
B)  monism 
C)  materialism 
D)  dualism 
A)  idealism 
B)  monism 
C)  materialism 
D)  dualism

Question 7

All scientists have equal confidence in field experiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following best describes experimental material?

Accepted Answer

A)  a variable that is not accounted for by the experimental design 
B)  the set of objects studied in an experiment 
C)  a randomly assigned condition that serves as the independent variable of an experiment 
D)  clothing worn by an experimenter that has not yet been approved by the FDA 
A)  a variable that is not accounted for by the experimental design 
B)  the set of objects studied in an experiment 
C)  a randomly assigned condition that serves as the independent variable of an experiment 
D)  clothing worn by an experimenter that has not yet been approved by the FDA

Question 9

Which of the following is true of a good hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is simple. 
B)  It is testable. 
C)  It can be used to make predictions. 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  It is simple. 
B)  It is testable. 
C)  It can be used to make predictions. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following is an approach to scientific research that is carried out in controlled (or partially controlled)conditions and involves statistical reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  statistics 
B)  research program 
C)  experimentation 
D)  telepathy 
A)  statistics 
B)  research program 
C)  experimentation 
D)  telepathy

Question 11

Scientific problems can only initially be identified by scientists.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Some experimental designs are unethical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is true of observations according to science?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observations must be made without the aid of instruments. 
B)  Observation should, in general, be guided by hypotheses. 
C)  Observations cannot be trusted because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming. 
D)  Measuring devices cannot supplement direct observation. 
A)  Observations must be made without the aid of instruments. 
B)  Observation should, in general, be guided by hypotheses. 
C)  Observations cannot be trusted because we can never be sure that we are not dreaming. 
D)  Measuring devices cannot supplement direct observation.

Question 14

Which of the following is an advantage of field experiments over experiments conducted in a laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Field experiments are typically easier to control than experiments in a laboratory. 
B)  Field experiments better allow the experimenter to precisely determine if there is a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables. 
C)  Field experiments can better replicate natural conditions. 
D)  None of these answers is correct. 
A)  Field experiments are typically easier to control than experiments in a laboratory. 
B)  Field experiments better allow the experimenter to precisely determine if there is a causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables. 
C)  Field experiments can better replicate natural conditions. 
D)  None of these answers is correct.

Question 15

Perfect objectivity is obtainable in science.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Science can prove claims beyond all possible doubt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the assumption of modern science called objectivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are objects that must be studied. 
B)  The physical world can be studied without bias on the part of scientists. 
C)  The Earth is the center of the universe. 
D)  The material universe is basically unpredictable. 
A)  There are objects that must be studied. 
B)  The physical world can be studied without bias on the part of scientists. 
C)  The Earth is the center of the universe. 
D)  The material universe is basically unpredictable.

Question 18

Some scientific observations are indirect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In science,the collection of data is always an ongoing process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A paradigm shift may take a long time to be fully completed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following is a proposed explanation for a particular set of phenomena?

The confidence level in an experimental result decreases as the margin of error decreases.

Which of the following best describes the assumption of science called unity?

A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis of many experiments concerning similar subject matters.

Which of the following best describes pseudoscience?

Belief in a nonmaterial or spiritual realm in addition to a physical realm is known as which of the following?

All scientists have equal confidence in field experiments.

Which of the following best describes experimental material?

Which of the following is true of a good hypothesis?

Which of the following is an approach to scientific research that is carried out in controlled (or partially controlled)conditions and involves statistical reasoning?

Scientific problems can only initially be identified by scientists.

Some experimental designs are unethical.

Which of the following is true of observations according to science?

Which of the following is an advantage of field experiments over experiments conducted in a laboratory?

Perfect objectivity is obtainable in science.

Science can prove claims beyond all possible doubt.

Which of the following best describes the assumption of modern science called objectivity?

Some scientific observations are indirect.

In science,the collection of data is always an ongoing process.

A paradigm shift may take a long time to be fully completed.

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Inductive Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Law and Politics

Filters

Exam 12: Science

Which of the following is a proposed explanation for a particular set of phenomena?

The confidence level in an experimental result decreases as the margin of error decreases.

Which of the following best describes the assumption of science called unity?

A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis of many experiments concerning similar subject matters.

Which of the following best describes pseudoscience?

Belief in a nonmaterial or spiritual realm in addition to a physical realm is known as which of the following?

All scientists have equal confidence in field experiments.

Which of the following best describes experimental material?

Which of the following is true of a good hypothesis?

Which of the following is an approach to scientific research that is carried out in controlled (or partially controlled)conditions and involves statistical reasoning?

Scientific problems can only initially be identified by scientists.

Some experimental designs are unethical.

Which of the following is true of observations according to science?

Which of the following is an advantage of field experiments over experiments conducted in a laboratory?

Perfect objectivity is obtainable in science.

Science can prove claims beyond all possible doubt.

Which of the following best describes the assumption of modern science called objectivity?

Some scientific observations are indirect.

In science,the collection of data is always an ongoing process.

A paradigm shift may take a long time to be fully completed.

Critical Thinking: Why Its Important?

Reason and Emotion

Language and Communication

Knowledge, Evidence, and Errors in Thinking

Informal Fallacies

Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

Inductive Arguments

Deductive Arguments

Ethics and Moral Decision Making

Marketing and Advertising

Mass Media

Law and Politics

Filters