Question 1

Secretion of orexin within the _______ produces ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  REM-OFF area; wakefulness 
B)  REM-ON area; a loss of slow-wave sleep 
C)  preoptic area; wakefulness 
D)  REM-OFF area; cataplexy 
A)  REM-OFF area; wakefulness 
B)  REM-ON area; a loss of slow-wave sleep 
C)  preoptic area; wakefulness 
D)  REM-OFF area; cataplexy A

Question 2

Compare and contrast the neural systems that control slow-wave and REM sleep with regard to anatomy and the relevant transmitters involved in each.

Accepted Answer

Slow-wave sleep is produced by activity of neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic area (vlPOA),which act by inhibition of neural systems that promote wakefulness (e.g.,NE within the locus coeruleus,histamine in the tuberomammillary nucleus,and serotonin within the raphe nuclei) to initiate sleep.When the sleep-waking flip-flop is in the awake state,sleep is prevented.In the sleep state,slow-wave sleep shifts to REM sleep via another flip-flop mechanism in which cells within the sublaterodorsal nucleus act as "REM-ON" cells while cells within the ventrolateral PAG act as a "REM-OFF" region.When the REM-ON cells are active,motor neurons of the spinal cord are inhibited,whereas tectal neurons generate rapid eye movements.

Question 3

An electro-oculogram measures

Accepted Answer

A)  heart rate over time. 
B)  eye movements. 
C)  changes in blood pressure. 
D)  electrical potentials within the brain. 
E)  the resistance of the skin to electrical current. 
A)  heart rate over time. 
B)  eye movements. 
C)  changes in blood pressure. 
D)  electrical potentials within the brain. 
E)  the resistance of the skin to electrical current. B

Question 4

Antidepressant drugs are also effective against disorders of REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Activation of adenosine receptors may increase sleep by

Accepted Answer

A)  excitation of hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. 
B)  inhibition of the ventrolateral preoptic area. 
C)  inhibition of neurons that normally inhibit the vlPOA. 
D)  activation of histamine neurons. 
E)  inactivation of serotonin neurons. 
A)  excitation of hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. 
B)  inhibition of the ventrolateral preoptic area. 
C)  inhibition of neurons that normally inhibit the vlPOA. 
D)  activation of histamine neurons. 
E)  inactivation of serotonin neurons.

Question 6

Give two reasons why sleeping medications may not be the right treatment for insomnia.

Accepted Answer

People underestimate the amoun

Question 7

Sleep disorders that occur during or involve REM sleep include

Accepted Answer

A)  sleepwalking. 
B)  night terrors. 
C)  sleep-related eating disorder. 
D)  bedwetting. 
E)  narcolepsy. 
A)  sleepwalking. 
B)  night terrors. 
C)  sleep-related eating disorder. 
D)  bedwetting. 
E)  narcolepsy.

Question 8

The high level of delta waves in normally active brain areas suggests that the primary function of stage 4 of slow-wave sleep is to

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit motor movements during dreaming. 
B)  facilitate memory. 
C)  promote beta-wave activity in the forebrain. 
D)  rest the brain. 
E)  redirect blood flow to the genitals. 
A)  inhibit motor movements during dreaming. 
B)  facilitate memory. 
C)  promote beta-wave activity in the forebrain. 
D)  rest the brain. 
E)  redirect blood flow to the genitals.

Question 9

Microdialysis studies indicate that cortical beta wave activity is related to its levels of ________ within the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin; striatum 
B)  GABA; hippocampus 
C)  acetylcholine; frontal cortex 
D)  dopamine; locus coeruleus 
E)  GABA; locus coeruleus 
A)  serotonin; striatum 
B)  GABA; hippocampus 
C)  acetylcholine; frontal cortex 
D)  dopamine; locus coeruleus 
E)  GABA; locus coeruleus

Question 10

Describe the laboratory methods used to study sleep.

Accepted Answer

Subjects are instrumented so as to provi

Question 11

The appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record is an indicator of

Accepted Answer

A)  paradoxical sleep. 
B)  cold, methodical dreams. 
C)  muscle paralysis. 
D)  slow-wave sleep. 
E)  gastric distress. 
A)  paradoxical sleep. 
B)  cold, methodical dreams. 
C)  muscle paralysis. 
D)  slow-wave sleep. 
E)  gastric distress.

Question 12

Activation of lateral preoptic neurons may mediate the genital arousal noted during REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is a rhythm that tends to occur over a 90 minute period?

Accepted Answer

A)  a single non-REM/REM sleep cycle 
B)  heart rate rhythm 
C)  stomach motility rhythm 
D)  smoking rhythm 
E)  menstrual cycle 
A)  a single non-REM/REM sleep cycle 
B)  heart rate rhythm 
C)  stomach motility rhythm 
D)  smoking rhythm 
E)  menstrual cycle

Question 14

A genetic mutation of the hypocretin gene in mice results in

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusion of slow-wave sleep during the awake period. 
B)  symptoms of narcolepsy. 
C)  prolonged sleeping. 
D)  hypnagogic hallucinations. 
E)  excessive overeating. 
A)  intrusion of slow-wave sleep during the awake period. 
B)  symptoms of narcolepsy. 
C)  prolonged sleeping. 
D)  hypnagogic hallucinations. 
E)  excessive overeating.

Question 15

Insomnia is defined

Accepted Answer

A)  as a problem in rapidly reaching REM sleep. 
B)  as the inability to fall asleep within one hour of going to bed. 
C)  as awakening 4 or more times during the night. 
D)  in relation to a person's particular need for sleep. 
E)  as a relative lack of slow-wave sleep compared to REM sleep. 
A)  as a problem in rapidly reaching REM sleep. 
B)  as the inability to fall asleep within one hour of going to bed. 
C)  as awakening 4 or more times during the night. 
D)  in relation to a person's particular need for sleep. 
E)  as a relative lack of slow-wave sleep compared to REM sleep.

Question 16

Neural activity in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in rats is

Accepted Answer

A)  greatest during the winter months. 
B)  lowest during the winter months. 
C)  constant throughout a 24-hour period. 
D)  higher at night and lower during the day. 
E)  higher during the day and lower at night. 
A)  greatest during the winter months. 
B)  lowest during the winter months. 
C)  constant throughout a 24-hour period. 
D)  higher at night and lower during the day. 
E)  higher during the day and lower at night.

Question 17

Contrast the effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on cortical arousal.

Accepted Answer

Cortical arousal refers to alertness and

Question 18

Sleep stages 3 and 4 are also called

Accepted Answer

A)  REM sleep. 
B)  high-frequency sleep. 
C)  slow-wave sleep. 
D)  paradoxical sleep. 
E)  rhythmic sleep. 
A)  REM sleep. 
B)  high-frequency sleep. 
C)  slow-wave sleep. 
D)  paradoxical sleep. 
E)  rhythmic sleep.

Question 19

Prolonged sleep deprivation results in

Accepted Answer

A)  impaired mental concentration. 
B)  difficulty in physical exercise.. 
C)  some perceptual illusions. 
D)  tactile hallucinations. 
E)  improved mental concentration. 
A)  impaired mental concentration. 
B)  difficulty in physical exercise.. 
C)  some perceptual illusions. 
D)  tactile hallucinations. 
E)  improved mental concentration.

Question 20

Describe the symptoms of narcolepsy.

Accepted Answer

Sleep attack is an overwhelming urge to

Secretion of orexin within the _ produces .

Compare and contrast the neural systems that control slow-wave and REM sleep with regard to anatomy and the relevant transmitters involved in each.

An electro-oculogram measures

Antidepressant drugs are also effective against disorders of REM sleep.

Activation of adenosine receptors may increase sleep by

Give two reasons why sleeping medications may not be the right treatment for insomnia.

Sleep disorders that occur during or involve REM sleep include

The high level of delta waves in normally active brain areas suggests that the primary function of stage 4 of slow-wave sleep is to

Microdialysis studies indicate that cortical beta wave activity is related to its levels of within the .

Describe the laboratory methods used to study sleep.

The appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record is an indicator of

Activation of lateral preoptic neurons may mediate the genital arousal noted during REM sleep.

Which of the following is a rhythm that tends to occur over a 90 minute period?

A genetic mutation of the hypocretin gene in mice results in

Insomnia is defined

Neural activity in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in rats is

Contrast the effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on cortical arousal.

Sleep stages 3 and 4 are also called

Prolonged sleep deprivation results in

Describe the symptoms of narcolepsy.

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Exam 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Secretion of orexin within the _______ produces ______.

Compare and contrast the neural systems that control slow-wave and REM sleep with regard to anatomy and the relevant transmitters involved in each.

An electro-oculogram measures

Antidepressant drugs are also effective against disorders of REM sleep.

Activation of adenosine receptors may increase sleep by

Give two reasons why sleeping medications may not be the right treatment for insomnia.

Sleep disorders that occur during or involve REM sleep include

The high level of delta waves in normally active brain areas suggests that the primary function of stage 4 of slow-wave sleep is to

Microdialysis studies indicate that cortical beta wave activity is related to its levels of ________ within the ________.

Describe the laboratory methods used to study sleep.

The appearance of rapid eye movements in the sleep record is an indicator of

Activation of lateral preoptic neurons may mediate the genital arousal noted during REM sleep.

Which of the following is a rhythm that tends to occur over a 90 minute period?

A genetic mutation of the hypocretin gene in mice results in

Insomnia is defined

Neural activity in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in rats is

Contrast the effects of acetylcholine and serotonin on cortical arousal.

Sleep stages 3 and 4 are also called

Prolonged sleep deprivation results in

Describe the symptoms of narcolepsy.

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Secretion of orexin within the _ produces .

Microdialysis studies indicate that cortical beta wave activity is related to its levels of within the .