Question 1

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated levels of CCK in the brain. 
B)  a deficiency of NPY in the brain. 
C)  elevated levels of NPY in the brain. 
D)  excessive consumption of protein, which is highly satiating. 
E)  a failure of menstruation brought on by excessive exercise. 
A)  elevated levels of CCK in the brain. 
B)  a deficiency of NPY in the brain. 
C)  elevated levels of NPY in the brain. 
D)  excessive consumption of protein, which is highly satiating. 
E)  a failure of menstruation brought on by excessive exercise. C

Question 2

Which of the following is true of ghrelin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fasting reduces blood levels of ghrelin. 
B)  Blood levels of ghrelin are increased after a meal. 
C)  Infusion of ghrelin into the brain stimulates food intake. 
D)  Infusion of ghrelin into the gut suppresses the secretion of glucagon. 
E)  Ghrelin knockout mice are anorexic and lose body weight. 
A)  Fasting reduces blood levels of ghrelin. 
B)  Blood levels of ghrelin are increased after a meal. 
C)  Infusion of ghrelin into the brain stimulates food intake. 
D)  Infusion of ghrelin into the gut suppresses the secretion of glucagon. 
E)  Ghrelin knockout mice are anorexic and lose body weight. C

Question 3

Electrical stimulation of the LH is to electrical stimulation of the VMH as

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin is to glucagon. 
B)  α-MSH is to agouti-related protein. 
C)  CART is to NPY. 
D)  agouti-related protein is to α-MSH. 
E)  CCK is to ghrelin. 
A)  insulin is to glucagon. 
B)  α-MSH is to agouti-related protein. 
C)  CART is to NPY. 
D)  agouti-related protein is to α-MSH. 
E)  CCK is to ghrelin. D

Question 4

Describe the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments of the body.

Accepted Answer

The fluid contained within the cytoplasm

Question 5

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus ________ whereas electrical stimulation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  impair sexual behavior; elicits repetitive bouts of copulation 
B)  inhibit eating; produces overeating 
C)  elicit repetitive bouts of copulation; impairs sexual behavior 
D)  produce overeating to obesity; inhibits eating 
E)  activate thermogenesis; induces shivering 
A)  impair sexual behavior; elicits repetitive bouts of copulation 
B)  inhibit eating; produces overeating 
C)  elicit repetitive bouts of copulation; impairs sexual behavior 
D)  produce overeating to obesity; inhibits eating 
E)  activate thermogenesis; induces shivering

Question 6

Ghrelin is a neuropeptide secreted from the ________ that functions to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach; initiate eating 
B)  pancreas; inhibit eating 
C)  liver; suppress insulin secretion 
D)  duodenum; control CCK levels in the plasma 
E)  PVN; inhibit eating 
A)  stomach; initiate eating 
B)  pancreas; inhibit eating 
C)  liver; suppress insulin secretion 
D)  duodenum; control CCK levels in the plasma 
E)  PVN; inhibit eating

Question 7

________ is the key factor that controls the absorptive phase of metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  CCK 
B)  Leptin 
C)  Glucagon 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Glycerol 
A)  CCK 
B)  Leptin 
C)  Glucagon 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Glycerol

Question 8

Osmoreceptors are specialized neurons that detect

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in solute concentration of the interstitial fluid. 
B)  osmotic pressure within the blood plasma. 
C)  angiotensin concentration in the blood. 
D)  the concentration of renin within the blood. 
E)  blood plasma solute concentration. 
A)  changes in solute concentration of the interstitial fluid. 
B)  osmotic pressure within the blood plasma. 
C)  angiotensin concentration in the blood. 
D)  the concentration of renin within the blood. 
E)  blood plasma solute concentration.

Question 9

Experiments by Deutsch and colleagues allowed rats to eat until they were satiated and then withdrew a few milliliters of diet from their stomach using an implanted catheter.After the withdrawal,the rats

Accepted Answer

A)  ate until they became obese. 
B)  reported no hunger pangs. 
C)  showed evidence of continued short-term satiety. 
D)  experienced periodic feelings of hunger. 
E)  ate enough food to replace that withdrawn from the stomach. 
A)  ate until they became obese. 
B)  reported no hunger pangs. 
C)  showed evidence of continued short-term satiety. 
D)  experienced periodic feelings of hunger. 
E)  ate enough food to replace that withdrawn from the stomach.

Question 10

The primary physiological signal for hunger is likely a decrease in glucose or fatty acid levels in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Studies using decerebrate rats indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  the circuits controlling ingestion lie forward to the brain stem. 
B)  CCK acts within the frontal cortex to stimulate eating. 
C)  the brain stem contains circuits that allow a rat to chew and to swallow. 
D)  decerebrate rats are unable to chew, to swallow, or to distinguish tastes. 
E)  feeding circuits are contained within the forebrain. 
A)  the circuits controlling ingestion lie forward to the brain stem. 
B)  CCK acts within the frontal cortex to stimulate eating. 
C)  the brain stem contains circuits that allow a rat to chew and to swallow. 
D)  decerebrate rats are unable to chew, to swallow, or to distinguish tastes. 
E)  feeding circuits are contained within the forebrain.

Question 12

Which situation below would be expected to produce the largest degree of stomach fullness?

Accepted Answer

A)  placing a small volume of food directly into the stomach 
B)  swallowing a mouthful of food that then exits via the esophagus 
C)  swallowing a mouthful of food that is restricted to the stomach 
D)  chewing a bite of food and then spitting it out 
E)  distension of the stomach by an inflatable bag, in combination with infusion of nutrients directly into the duodenum 
A)  placing a small volume of food directly into the stomach 
B)  swallowing a mouthful of food that then exits via the esophagus 
C)  swallowing a mouthful of food that is restricted to the stomach 
D)  chewing a bite of food and then spitting it out 
E)  distension of the stomach by an inflatable bag, in combination with infusion of nutrients directly into the duodenum

Question 13

Explain why metabolic efficiency is a key factor in obesity.

Accepted Answer

Animals vary in their capacity to store

Question 14

The overeating noted in patients such as Carrie reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  increased hunger. 
B)  degeneration of the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  defective brain satiety mechanisms. 
D)  a genetic defect on chromosome 2. 
E)  low plasma ghrelin levels. 
A)  increased hunger. 
B)  degeneration of the prefrontal cortex. 
C)  defective brain satiety mechanisms. 
D)  a genetic defect on chromosome 2. 
E)  low plasma ghrelin levels.

Question 15

The MC-4R receptor is activated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin; glucagon 
B)  agouti-related protein; NPY 
C)  α-MSH; agouti-related protein 
D)  nicotine; amphetamine 
E)  α-MSH; CCK 
A)  insulin; glucagon 
B)  agouti-related protein; NPY 
C)  α-MSH; agouti-related protein 
D)  nicotine; amphetamine 
E)  α-MSH; CCK

Question 16

Insulin in the blood appears to be interpreted by the brain as

Accepted Answer

A)  a hunger signal. 
B)  an indicator of the entry of fat into the duodenum. 
C)  an indicator that the body is in the absorptive phase of metabolism. 
D)  a satiety signal. 
E)  a signal that the body requires food. 
A)  a hunger signal. 
B)  an indicator of the entry of fat into the duodenum. 
C)  an indicator that the body is in the absorptive phase of metabolism. 
D)  a satiety signal. 
E)  a signal that the body requires food.

Question 17

Water loss from the body through evaporation would most likely result in

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of salt from the plasma. 
B)  a decreased concentration of solute within the interstitial fluid. 
C)  movement of water out of the cells. 
D)  a gain of interstitial fluid. 
E)  hypovolemic thirst but not osmometric thirst. 
A)  loss of salt from the plasma. 
B)  a decreased concentration of solute within the interstitial fluid. 
C)  movement of water out of the cells. 
D)  a gain of interstitial fluid. 
E)  hypovolemic thirst but not osmometric thirst.

Question 18

The carbohydrate reservoir in the liver is primarily reserved for

Accepted Answer

A)  the central nervous system. 
B)  the activation of nonshivering thermogenesis. 
C)  the muscles. 
D)  the liver. 
E)  formation of amino acid neurotransmitters. 
A)  the central nervous system. 
B)  the activation of nonshivering thermogenesis. 
C)  the muscles. 
D)  the liver. 
E)  formation of amino acid neurotransmitters.

Question 19

Which of the following is a potent stimulus for producing pure hypovolemia,but not osmometric thirst?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of fluid volume from brain cells 
B)  ingestion of a large meal 
C)  loss of blood after an automobile trauma 
D)  ingestion of a bag of salted potato chips 
E)  evaporation from the skin. 
A)  loss of fluid volume from brain cells 
B)  ingestion of a large meal 
C)  loss of blood after an automobile trauma 
D)  ingestion of a bag of salted potato chips 
E)  evaporation from the skin.

Question 20

Detectors for glucose are located within the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver. 
B)  duodenum. 
C)  gut. 
D)  cerebellum. 
E)  stomach. 
A)  liver. 
B)  duodenum. 
C)  gut. 
D)  cerebellum. 
E)  stomach.

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

Which of the following is true of ghrelin?

Electrical stimulation of the LH is to electrical stimulation of the VMH as

Describe the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments of the body.

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus whereas electrical stimulation .

Ghrelin is a neuropeptide secreted from the that functions to .

________ is the key factor that controls the absorptive phase of metabolism.

Osmoreceptors are specialized neurons that detect

Experiments by Deutsch and colleagues allowed rats to eat until they were satiated and then withdrew a few milliliters of diet from their stomach using an implanted catheter.After the withdrawal,the rats

The primary physiological signal for hunger is likely a decrease in glucose or fatty acid levels in the blood.

Studies using decerebrate rats indicate that

Which situation below would be expected to produce the largest degree of stomach fullness?

Explain why metabolic efficiency is a key factor in obesity.

The overeating noted in patients such as Carrie reflects

The MC-4R receptor is activated by and inhibited by .

Insulin in the blood appears to be interpreted by the brain as

Water loss from the body through evaporation would most likely result in

The carbohydrate reservoir in the liver is primarily reserved for

Which of the following is a potent stimulus for producing pure hypovolemia,but not osmometric thirst?

Detectors for glucose are located within the

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

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Exam 11: Ingestive Behavior

The obsession with food noted in anorexia may be related to

Which of the following is true of ghrelin?

Electrical stimulation of the LH is to electrical stimulation of the VMH as

Describe the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments of the body.

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus ________ whereas electrical stimulation ________.

Ghrelin is a neuropeptide secreted from the ________ that functions to ________.

________ is the key factor that controls the absorptive phase of metabolism.

Osmoreceptors are specialized neurons that detect

Experiments by Deutsch and colleagues allowed rats to eat until they were satiated and then withdrew a few milliliters of diet from their stomach using an implanted catheter.After the withdrawal,the rats

The primary physiological signal for hunger is likely a decrease in glucose or fatty acid levels in the blood.

Studies using decerebrate rats indicate that

Which situation below would be expected to produce the largest degree of stomach fullness?

Explain why metabolic efficiency is a key factor in obesity.

The overeating noted in patients such as Carrie reflects

The MC-4R receptor is activated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

Insulin in the blood appears to be interpreted by the brain as

Water loss from the body through evaporation would most likely result in

The carbohydrate reservoir in the liver is primarily reserved for

Which of the following is a potent stimulus for producing pure hypovolemia,but not osmometric thirst?

Detectors for glucose are located within the

Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders

Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders

Filters

Electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus whereas electrical stimulation .

Ghrelin is a neuropeptide secreted from the that functions to .

The MC-4R receptor is activated by and inhibited by .