Question 1

Which is not a valid argument supporting the continued use of fossil fuels?

Accepted Answer

A) We will still be using only a small fraction of the total usable surface of the earth if we open new,formerly protected areas to exploration. 
B) We are continuing to find more efficient ways to use fossil fuels as energy resources. 
C) We will recover more from a particular source than we were able to in the past as we improve the technologies by which we recover these fuels from the earth. 
D) We are improving the technologies used to remove pollutants from our fossil fuels before we use them and from the materials produced after we use them. 
A) We will still be using only a small fraction of the total usable surface of the earth if we open new,formerly protected areas to exploration. 
B) We are continuing to find more efficient ways to use fossil fuels as energy resources. 
C) We will recover more from a particular source than we were able to in the past as we improve the technologies by which we recover these fuels from the earth. 
D) We are improving the technologies used to remove pollutants from our fossil fuels before we use them and from the materials produced after we use them.

Question 2

A NiCd battery uses nickel and cadmium to produce a potential difference. Using these equations, answer the following questions.
 
-Which equation represents what takes place at the anode?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I and II 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) I and II

Question 3

Which type of battery is best for use in heart (cardiac)pacemakers?

Accepted Answer

A) alkaline 
B) lithium-iodine 
C) mercury 
D) nickel-cadmium 
A) alkaline 
B) lithium-iodine 
C) mercury 
D) nickel-cadmium

Question 4

For safety and other practical reasons,the most logical use for hydrogen as a fuel in the near future is

Accepted Answer

A) in an electric power plant. 
B) in a fuel cell. 
C) for running an automobile. 
D) for nuclear fusion. 
A) in an electric power plant. 
B) in a fuel cell. 
C) for running an automobile. 
D) for nuclear fusion.

Question 5

Which of these locations would be best suited to geothermal energy as a source to operate homes?

Accepted Answer

A) Hawaii 
B) Oklahoma 
C) Vermont 
D) England 
A) Hawaii 
B) Oklahoma 
C) Vermont 
D) England

Question 6

How is wind energy related to the sun?

Accepted Answer

A) It has no relation. 
B) Wind turbines need solar panels to operate correctly. 
C) The heat of the sun drives large-scale movements of air. 
D) Wind turbines only operate during daylight hours. 
A) It has no relation. 
B) Wind turbines need solar panels to operate correctly. 
C) The heat of the sun drives large-scale movements of air. 
D) Wind turbines only operate during daylight hours.

Question 7

Electrolysis is a process that

Accepted Answer

A) produces an electrical current. 
B) requires an electrical current. 
C) produces heat energy. 
D) requires heat energy. 
A) produces an electrical current. 
B) requires an electrical current. 
C) produces heat energy. 
D) requires heat energy.

Question 8

In the lead-acid (storage)battery,  
The cathode is the

Accepted Answer

A) H2SO4 electrolyte. 
B) negative plates,lead/spongy lead. 
C) positive plates,lead/PbO2. 
D) casing enclosing the entire battery. 
A) H2SO4 electrolyte. 
B) negative plates,lead/spongy lead. 
C) positive plates,lead/PbO2. 
D) casing enclosing the entire battery.

Question 9

The current through a wire is most closely related to the

Accepted Answer

A) energy of the electrons flowing through the wire. 
B) type of electrons flowing through the wire. 
C) charge of some number of electrons flowing through the wire. 
D) oxidation potential of the electrons flowing through the wire. 
A) energy of the electrons flowing through the wire. 
B) type of electrons flowing through the wire. 
C) charge of some number of electrons flowing through the wire. 
D) oxidation potential of the electrons flowing through the wire.

Question 10

In an electrochemical cell,the anode is

Accepted Answer

A) the electrode at which oxidation takes place. 
B) the material used to connect the two half cells to each other. 
C) always used up before the cathode. 
D) never a metal. 
A) the electrode at which oxidation takes place. 
B) the material used to connect the two half cells to each other. 
C) always used up before the cathode. 
D) never a metal.

Question 11

The Prius,a hybrid car produced by Toyota,uses a battery that its maker claims should not have to be recharged or replaced during the lifetime of the car.The type of battery used in the Prius is

Accepted Answer

A) alkaline. 
B) lead acid. 
C) nickel-cadmium. 
D) nickel-metal hydride. 
A) alkaline. 
B) lead acid. 
C) nickel-cadmium. 
D) nickel-metal hydride.

Question 12

Batteries must be used in addition to solar cells when generating household electricity because

Accepted Answer

A) solar cells can generate electricity only via the output of a battery. 
B) solar cells can generate only a small fraction of the total energy needed by a household at any one time. 
C) solar cells generate so much electricity that they will overheat if they cannot transfer the excess electricity somewhere to dissipate the extra heat. 
D) batteries must supply the energy when sunlight is not available. 
A) solar cells can generate electricity only via the output of a battery. 
B) solar cells can generate only a small fraction of the total energy needed by a household at any one time. 
C) solar cells generate so much electricity that they will overheat if they cannot transfer the excess electricity somewhere to dissipate the extra heat. 
D) batteries must supply the energy when sunlight is not available.

Question 13

How does the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce energy in a fuel cell differ from their interaction during the direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen?  
I.The direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen produces several different products,whereas the fuel cell produces only water.
II.Much less heat energy is produced in a fuel cell than via direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen.
III.In the fuel cell,there is an oxidation-reduction reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.In the direct combustion of hydrogen and oxygen,there is no such reaction.
IV.It is much easier to control the hydrogen and oxygen during direct combustion than during their reaction in a fuel cell.

Accepted Answer

A) I and II only 
B) I,II and III only 
C) I,II,III and IV 
D) I and III only 
A) I and II only 
B) I,II and III only 
C) I,II,III and IV 
D) I and III only

Question 14

Semiconductors,such as the element silicon,may be used in cells that convert solar radiation to electricity.One of the major difficulties encountered in using silicon is that it

Accepted Answer

A) is one of the rarest of all elements and therefore difficult to find on earth. 
B) is expensive to produce large quantities of extremely pure silicon. 
C) quickly evaporates when isolated in a pure state. 
D) is the most active of all the elements,so it cannot be prepared in a pure state. 
A) is one of the rarest of all elements and therefore difficult to find on earth. 
B) is expensive to produce large quantities of extremely pure silicon. 
C) quickly evaporates when isolated in a pure state. 
D) is the most active of all the elements,so it cannot be prepared in a pure state.

Question 15

A candle may be considered a more efficient producer of light than a flashlight because it

Accepted Answer

A) converts chemical energy directly into light. 
B) produces more heat than a flashlight. 
C) does not have a battery to recharge or replace. 
D) may be used in remote locations far from electrical networks or power lines. 
A) converts chemical energy directly into light. 
B) produces more heat than a flashlight. 
C) does not have a battery to recharge or replace. 
D) may be used in remote locations far from electrical networks or power lines.

Question 16

Which increases the efficiency of a photovoltaic or solar cell?
I.Replacing crystalline silicon with its non-crystalline form.
II.Increasing the number of alternating p- and n-type layers of semiconductors.
III.Decreasing the thickness of each alternating p- and n-type layer of semiconductor.

Accepted Answer

A) I and II only 
B) II and III only 
C) I and III only 
D) I,II,and III 
A) I and II only 
B) II and III only 
C) I and III only 
D) I,II,and III

Question 17

At present,it will be difficult and perhaps inappropriate to develop an economy based on burning hydrogen rather than natural gas or gasoline because

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen is a dirty fuel.Burning hydrogen produces significantly more pollutants than burning natural gas or gasoline. 
B) hydrogen is not an efficient fuel.Per gram,hydrogen has about the lowest heat of combustion of any known substance,much lower than natural gas or gasoline. 
C) although hydrogen is abundant,pure hydrogen is not found naturally on earth.Hydrogen is difficult or expensive to isolate and collect. 
D) being such a light element,hydrogen will not flow through pipelines the way natural gas or gasoline do.Hydrogen cannot easily be delivered from where it is produced to the places where it is needeD. 
A) hydrogen is a dirty fuel.Burning hydrogen produces significantly more pollutants than burning natural gas or gasoline. 
B) hydrogen is not an efficient fuel.Per gram,hydrogen has about the lowest heat of combustion of any known substance,much lower than natural gas or gasoline. 
C) although hydrogen is abundant,pure hydrogen is not found naturally on earth.Hydrogen is difficult or expensive to isolate and collect. 
D) being such a light element,hydrogen will not flow through pipelines the way natural gas or gasoline do.Hydrogen cannot easily be delivered from where it is produced to the places where it is needeD.

Question 18

Which has not been suggested as a reasonably practical way to store large amounts of hydrogen in relatively small spaces for its use as a fuel?

Accepted Answer

A) Liquefy hydrogen under pressure and store it much as we do with liquefied natural gas today. 
B) Absorb hydrogen onto activated charcoal;then heat the mixture to release the hydrogen. 
C) Store it in the form of ionic metal hydrides,such as LiH,which release hydrogen gas when they react with water. 
D) Encapsulate hydrogen molecules in fullerene molecules (large,carbon-based molecules that can act like cages)that may be heated later to release the hydrogen. 
A) Liquefy hydrogen under pressure and store it much as we do with liquefied natural gas today. 
B) Absorb hydrogen onto activated charcoal;then heat the mixture to release the hydrogen. 
C) Store it in the form of ionic metal hydrides,such as LiH,which release hydrogen gas when they react with water. 
D) Encapsulate hydrogen molecules in fullerene molecules (large,carbon-based molecules that can act like cages)that may be heated later to release the hydrogen.

Question 19

Which is not an advantage of using a solid electrolyte in a fuel cell?

Accepted Answer

A) It is impermeable to liquids and gases and will keep the fuel and oxidizer separated. 
B) It cannot "dry out" and will allow the fuel cell to operate at higher temperatures than one that uses water as part of the proton transfer mechanism. 
C) It may use various fuels other than hydrogen gas,the fuel of choice in systems using water as part of the proton transfer mechanism. 
D) It eliminates the need for an oxidant;only a fuel is requireD. 
A) It is impermeable to liquids and gases and will keep the fuel and oxidizer separated. 
B) It cannot "dry out" and will allow the fuel cell to operate at higher temperatures than one that uses water as part of the proton transfer mechanism. 
C) It may use various fuels other than hydrogen gas,the fuel of choice in systems using water as part of the proton transfer mechanism. 
D) It eliminates the need for an oxidant;only a fuel is requireD.

Question 20

A major advantage of a fuel cell over a standard battery is that

Accepted Answer

A) as long as oxygen and fuel are supplied,a fuel cell will not "run down" like a battery will. 
B) a fuel cell generates electricity without the need for an oxidation-reduction reaction. 
C) a fuel cell is 100% efficient at generating electricity,whereas a battery is less than 1% efficient. 
D) as it generates electricity,a fuel cell produces more fuel than it uses. 
A) as long as oxygen and fuel are supplied,a fuel cell will not "run down" like a battery will. 
B) a fuel cell generates electricity without the need for an oxidation-reduction reaction. 
C) a fuel cell is 100% efficient at generating electricity,whereas a battery is less than 1% efficient. 
D) as it generates electricity,a fuel cell produces more fuel than it uses.

Which is not a valid argument supporting the continued use of fossil fuels?

A NiCd battery uses nickel and cadmium to produce a potential difference. Using these equations, answer the following questions. -Which equation represents what takes place at the anode?

Which type of battery is best for use in heart (cardiac)pacemakers?

For safety and other practical reasons,the most logical use for hydrogen as a fuel in the near future is

Which of these locations would be best suited to geothermal energy as a source to operate homes?

How is wind energy related to the sun?

Electrolysis is a process that

In the lead-acid (storage)battery, The cathode is the

The current through a wire is most closely related to the

In an electrochemical cell,the anode is

The Prius,a hybrid car produced by Toyota,uses a battery that its maker claims should not have to be recharged or replaced during the lifetime of the car.The type of battery used in the Prius is

Batteries must be used in addition to solar cells when generating household electricity because

Semiconductors,such as the element silicon,may be used in cells that convert solar radiation to electricity.One of the major difficulties encountered in using silicon is that it

A candle may be considered a more efficient producer of light than a flashlight because it

Which increases the efficiency of a photovoltaic or solar cell? I.Replacing crystalline silicon with its non-crystalline form. II.Increasing the number of alternating p- and n-type layers of semiconductors. III.Decreasing the thickness of each alternating p- and n-type layer of semiconductor.

At present,it will be difficult and perhaps inappropriate to develop an economy based on burning hydrogen rather than natural gas or gasoline because

Which has not been suggested as a reasonably practical way to store large amounts of hydrogen in relatively small spaces for its use as a fuel?

Which is not an advantage of using a solid electrolyte in a fuel cell?

A major advantage of a fuel cell over a standard battery is that

The Air We Breathe

Protecting the Ozone Layer

The Chemistry of Global Climate Change

Energy From Combustion

Water for Life

Neutralizing the Threat of Acid Rain

The Fires of Nuclear Fission

The World of Polymers and Plastics

Manipulating Molecules and Designing Drugs

Nutrition: Food for Thought

Genetic Engineering and the Molecules of Life

Filters

Exam 8: Energy From Electron Transfer

Which is not a valid argument supporting the continued use of fossil fuels?

A NiCd battery uses nickel and cadmium to produce a potential difference. Using these equations, answer the following questions. -Which equation represents what takes place at the anode?

Which type of battery is best for use in heart (cardiac)pacemakers?

For safety and other practical reasons,the most logical use for hydrogen as a fuel in the near future is

Which of these locations would be best suited to geothermal energy as a source to operate homes?

How is wind energy related to the sun?

Electrolysis is a process that

In the lead-acid (storage)battery, The cathode is the

The current through a wire is most closely related to the

In an electrochemical cell,the anode is

The Prius,a hybrid car produced by Toyota,uses a battery that its maker claims should not have to be recharged or replaced during the lifetime of the car.The type of battery used in the Prius is

Batteries must be used in addition to solar cells when generating household electricity because

Semiconductors,such as the element silicon,may be used in cells that convert solar radiation to electricity.One of the major difficulties encountered in using silicon is that it

A candle may be considered a more efficient producer of light than a flashlight because it

Which increases the efficiency of a photovoltaic or solar cell? I.Replacing crystalline silicon with its non-crystalline form. II.Increasing the number of alternating p- and n-type layers of semiconductors. III.Decreasing the thickness of each alternating p- and n-type layer of semiconductor.

At present,it will be difficult and perhaps inappropriate to develop an economy based on burning hydrogen rather than natural gas or gasoline because

Which has not been suggested as a reasonably practical way to store large amounts of hydrogen in relatively small spaces for its use as a fuel?

Which is not an advantage of using a solid electrolyte in a fuel cell?

A major advantage of a fuel cell over a standard battery is that

The Air We Breathe

Protecting the Ozone Layer

The Chemistry of Global Climate Change

Energy From Combustion

Water for Life

Neutralizing the Threat of Acid Rain

The Fires of Nuclear Fission

The World of Polymers and Plastics

Manipulating Molecules and Designing Drugs

Nutrition: Food for Thought

Genetic Engineering and the Molecules of Life

Filters