Question 1

Speculate why polychaetes are overwhelmingly marine organisms.

Accepted Answer

Polychaetes are overwhelmingly marine organisms because they have evolved to thrive in the marine environment. The marine environment provides a wide range of habitats for polychaetes, including sandy bottoms, rocky shores, and deep-sea trenches. Additionally, the high salinity of seawater is well-suited for the osmoregulation of polychaetes, allowing them to maintain the balance of water and salts within their bodies. Furthermore, the abundance of food sources in the form of plankton, detritus, and other marine organisms makes the marine environment highly favorable for polychaetes. The vastness of the oceans also provides ample space for polychaetes to disperse and colonize different areas, contributing to their overwhelming presence in marine ecosystems. Overall, the unique physical and chemical characteristics of the marine environment have likely played a significant role in shaping the evolutionary success of polychaetes as predominantly marine organisms.

Question 2

The calciferous glands in the earthworm

Accepted Answer

A)  produce enzymes for digestion. 
B)  are the respiratory organs. 
C)  secrete calcium ions into the gut. 
D)  provide nutritive fluid for the sperm. 
E)  store glycogen and transport it to body tissues. 
A)  produce enzymes for digestion. 
B)  are the respiratory organs. 
C)  secrete calcium ions into the gut. 
D)  provide nutritive fluid for the sperm. 
E)  store glycogen and transport it to body tissues. C

Question 3

The typical nervous system of a polychaete consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebral ganglia and a double ventral nerve cord with ganglia in each segment. 
B)  a ladder-like pattern similar to that of a flatworm. 
C)  a distributed nerve net without a central nervous system. 
D)  a brain, a dorsal nerve cord, and major ganglia in the segments with the clitellum. 
E)  major digestive ganglia that extend to all parts of the polychaete. 
A)  cerebral ganglia and a double ventral nerve cord with ganglia in each segment. 
B)  a ladder-like pattern similar to that of a flatworm. 
C)  a distributed nerve net without a central nervous system. 
D)  a brain, a dorsal nerve cord, and major ganglia in the segments with the clitellum. 
E)  major digestive ganglia that extend to all parts of the polychaete. A

Question 4

The Hirudinida are unique in that they have both an anterior and a posterior ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Hirudinida are unique in that they...

Question 5

Select the list of characteristics typical of annelids.

Accepted Answer

A)  Segmentation, open circulation, and metanephridia 
B)  Segmentation, a closed circulatory system, and metanephridia 
C)  An exoskeleton, metanephridia, and a pseudocoelom 
D)  An exoskeleton, Malpighian tubules, and a pseudocoelom 
E)  Metanephridia, a true coelom, and open circulation 
A)  Segmentation, open circulation, and metanephridia 
B)  Segmentation, a closed circulatory system, and metanephridia 
C)  An exoskeleton, metanephridia, and a pseudocoelom 
D)  An exoskeleton, Malpighian tubules, and a pseudocoelom 
E)  Metanephridia, a true coelom, and open circulation

Question 6

Discuss the importance of a trochophore larva in both the Annelida and the Mollusca.

Accepted Answer

The trochophore larva is an important de

Question 7

Polychaetes crawl by means of leg-like ________ which also serve in respiration.

Accepted Answer

A)  aortic arches 
B)  metanephridia 
C)  clitella 
D)  palps 
E)  parapodia 
A)  aortic arches 
B)  metanephridia 
C)  clitella 
D)  palps 
E)  parapodia

Question 8

The remaining valid use of "medicinal leeches" is to

Accepted Answer

A)  apply them to severely-bruised tissue to relieve blood congestion and allow damaged vessels to grow back. 
B)  use them to clean out dead tissue from a wound. 
C)  use them to restore the balance of body fluids or humors. 
D)  apply them to increase circulation or blood flow to a region. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  apply them to severely-bruised tissue to relieve blood congestion and allow damaged vessels to grow back. 
B)  use them to clean out dead tissue from a wound. 
C)  use them to restore the balance of body fluids or humors. 
D)  apply them to increase circulation or blood flow to a region. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 9

________________ cells surround the intestine in the earthworm and function in excretion and in synthesizing glycogen and fats.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ cells surround the intestine in the...

Question 10

Chloragogen cells

Accepted Answer

A)  float free to distribute materials to body tissues. 
B)  accumulate around wounds and regenerating areas where they break down and release their contents into the coelom. 
C)  function in excretion. 
D)  have a function similar to those of liver cells. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  float free to distribute materials to body tissues. 
B)  accumulate around wounds and regenerating areas where they break down and release their contents into the coelom. 
C)  function in excretion. 
D)  have a function similar to those of liver cells. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Considering the age of the various segments of an annelid such as an earthworm,

Accepted Answer

A)  they are born with all segments present and these merely grow in size; this allows segment count to be a major feature in their identification. 
B)  new segments are added just behind the prostomium, so the oldest segments are at the posterior end. 
C)  new segments are added just in front of the pygidium, so the oldest segments are at the anterior end. 
D)  each segment doubles several times in life so all of the segments are half or one-fourth "new" at any one time. 
E)  segments grow and duplicate in a haphazard fashion preventing their use in identification. 
A)  they are born with all segments present and these merely grow in size; this allows segment count to be a major feature in their identification. 
B)  new segments are added just behind the prostomium, so the oldest segments are at the posterior end. 
C)  new segments are added just in front of the pygidium, so the oldest segments are at the anterior end. 
D)  each segment doubles several times in life so all of the segments are half or one-fourth "new" at any one time. 
E)  segments grow and duplicate in a haphazard fashion preventing their use in identification.

Question 12

Oligochaetes are primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  Marine 
B)  Aquatic 
C)  Terrestrial 
D)  Parasitic 
E)  Micropredators 
A)  Marine 
B)  Aquatic 
C)  Terrestrial 
D)  Parasitic 
E)  Micropredators

Question 13

The feathery arms of fanworms that trap food particles are called ___________ _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The feathery arms of fanworms that trap...

Question 14

Gas exchange in the earthworm occurs through the

Accepted Answer

A)  Gills 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Skin 
D)  Setae 
E)  Typhlosole 
A)  Gills 
B)  Metanephridia 
C)  Skin 
D)  Setae 
E)  Typhlosole

Question 15

A unique feature of the leech nervous system is that

Accepted Answer

A)  leeches have good eyesight. 
B)  leeches have two "brains"; one anterior and one posterior. 
C)  they can join their nervous system with the nerves in the host tissue. 
D)  it only has giant axons that provide fast responses. 
E)  the nerve ladder and ganglia are all dorsal. 
A)  leeches have good eyesight. 
B)  leeches have two "brains"; one anterior and one posterior. 
C)  they can join their nervous system with the nerves in the host tissue. 
D)  it only has giant axons that provide fast responses. 
E)  the nerve ladder and ganglia are all dorsal.

Question 16

The anterior-most and posterior-most portions of the annelid body are the ______________________ and pygidium,respectively.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anterior-most and posterior-most portions of the...

Question 17

The blood of an earthworm contains

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin packaged in red blood cells similar to the blood of mammals. 
B)  only hemolymph with no respiratory pigments, similar to the hemolymph of insects. 
C)  white blood cells that assume the job of carrying respiratory gases. 
D)  chloragogen as a substitute respiratory pigment. 
E)  colorless ameboid cells and hemoglobin molecules dissolved in the fluid. 
A)  hemoglobin packaged in red blood cells similar to the blood of mammals. 
B)  only hemolymph with no respiratory pigments, similar to the hemolymph of insects. 
C)  white blood cells that assume the job of carrying respiratory gases. 
D)  chloragogen as a substitute respiratory pigment. 
E)  colorless ameboid cells and hemoglobin molecules dissolved in the fluid.

Question 18

The circulatory system in the earthworm

Accepted Answer

A)  Is absent since all respiration is across the epidermis 
B)  Is an open system where hemolymph washes through body sinuses 
C)  Has a dorsal vessel as the main pumping organ 
D)  Has no pumping structure but depends on the action of body muscles to move the blood 
E)  Has five pumps that circulate blood first to the gills and then to the rest of the body 
A)  Is absent since all respiration is across the epidermis 
B)  Is an open system where hemolymph washes through body sinuses 
C)  Has a dorsal vessel as the main pumping organ 
D)  Has no pumping structure but depends on the action of body muscles to move the blood 
E)  Has five pumps that circulate blood first to the gills and then to the rest of the body

Question 19

The Sipunculans live in burrows and feed on sediment deposits using

Accepted Answer

A)  a non-retractile spoon-shaped proboscis. 
B)  a chitinous cuticle. 
C)  a segmented opisthosoma. 
D)  a retractile introvert with ciliated tentacles. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  a non-retractile spoon-shaped proboscis. 
B)  a chitinous cuticle. 
C)  a segmented opisthosoma. 
D)  a retractile introvert with ciliated tentacles. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 20

In the earthworm,food is drawn into the mouth by the pumping action of the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the earthworm,food is drawn into the...

Exam 17: Annelids and Allied Taxa

Speculate why polychaetes are overwhelmingly marine organisms.

The calciferous glands in the earthworm

The typical nervous system of a polychaete consists of

The Hirudinida are unique in that they have both an anterior and a posterior ___________.

Select the list of characteristics typical of annelids.

Discuss the importance of a trochophore larva in both the Annelida and the Mollusca.

Polychaetes crawl by means of leg-like ________ which also serve in respiration.

The remaining valid use of "medicinal leeches" is to

________________ cells surround the intestine in the earthworm and function in excretion and in synthesizing glycogen and fats.

Chloragogen cells

Considering the age of the various segments of an annelid such as an earthworm,

Oligochaetes are primarily

The feathery arms of fanworms that trap food particles are called ___________ _____________.

Gas exchange in the earthworm occurs through the

A unique feature of the leech nervous system is that

The anterior-most and posterior-most portions of the annelid body are the ______________________ and pygidium,respectively.

The blood of an earthworm contains

The circulatory system in the earthworm

The Sipunculans live in burrows and feed on sediment deposits using

In the earthworm,food is drawn into the mouth by the pumping action of the _____________.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

The feathery arms of fanworms that trap food particles are called _ ___.